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Recent advances in AI have catalyzed the adoption of intelligent educational tools, yet many semantic retrieval systems remain ill-suited to the unique linguistic and structural characteristics of academic content. This study presents two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ramteja Sajja , Yusuf Sermet , Ibrahim Demir

Experience management is an emerging business area where organizations focus on understanding the feedback of customers and employees in order to improve their end-to-end experiences. This results in a unique set of machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Daniel Campos , Daniel Perry , Samir Joshi , Yashmeet Gambhir , Wei Du , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron Colak

Making decent multi-lingual sentence representations is critical to achieve high performances in cross-lingual downstream tasks. In this work, we propose a novel method to align multi-lingual embeddings based on the similarity of sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Minsu Park , Seyeon Choi , Chanyeol Choi , Jun-Seong Kim , Jy-yong Sohn

Words have been represented in a high-dimensional vector space that encodes their semantic similarities, enabling downstream applications such as retrieving synonyms, antonyms, and relevant contexts. However, despite recent advances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

We propose a simple method to align multilingual contextual embeddings as a post-pretraining step for improved zero-shot cross-lingual transferability of the pretrained models. Using parallel data, our method aligns embeddings on the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Haode Qi , Abhishek Shah , Saloni Potdar , Mo Yu

We propose a novel model architecture and training algorithm to learn bilingual sentence embeddings from a combination of parallel and monolingual data. Our method connects autoencoding and neural machine translation to force the source and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Yunsu Kim , Hendrik Rosendahl , Nick Rossenbach , Jan Rosendahl , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Correctly identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) is an important task for most natural language processing systems since their misidentification can result in ambiguity and misunderstanding of the underlying text. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Andrei-Marius Avram , Verginica Barbu Mititelu , Vasile Păiş , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel , Ştefan Trăuşan-Matu

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

With hundreds of multilingual embedding models available, practitioners lack clear guidance on which provide genuine cross-lingual semantic alignment versus task performance through language-specific patterns. Task-driven benchmarks (MTEB)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wen G. Gong

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Reading comprehension, a fundamental cognitive ability essential for knowledge acquisition, is a complex skill, with a notable number of learners lacking proficiency in this domain. This study introduces innovative tasks for Brain-Computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yuhong Zhang , Shilai Yang , Gert Cauwenberghs , Tzyy-Ping Jung

The evaluation of cross-lingual semantic search models is often limited to existing datasets from tasks such as information retrieval and semantic textual similarity. We introduce Cross-Lingual Semantic Discrimination (CLSD), a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andrianos Michail , Simon Clematide , Rico Sennrich

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

Effective sentence embeddings that capture semantic nuances and generalize well across diverse contexts are crucial for natural language processing tasks. We address this challenge by applying SimCSE (Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yumeng Wang , Ziran Zhou , Junjin Wang

Word embeddings are trained to predict word cooccurrence statistics, which leads them to possess different lexical properties (syntactic, semantic, etc.) depending on the notion of context defined at training time. These properties manifest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Jingyi He , KC Tsiolis , Kian Kenyon-Dean , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Multilingual sentence representations are the foundation for similarity-based bitext mining, which is crucial for scaling multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) system to more languages. In this paper, we introduce MuSR: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pengzhi Gao , Liwen Zhang , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

We present Relational Sentence Embedding (RSE), a new paradigm to further discover the potential of sentence embeddings. Prior work mainly models the similarity between sentences based on their embedding distance. Because of the complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Bin Wang , Haizhou Li

Contrastive learning has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) to derive superior universal sentence embeddings. However, existing contrastive methods still have two limitations. Firstly, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yuxin Jiang , Linhan Zhang , Wei Wang

Recently, numerous embedding models have been made available and widely used for various NLP tasks. The Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB) has primarily simplified the process of choosing a model that performs well for several tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mathieu Ciancone , Imene Kerboua , Marion Schaeffer , Wissam Siblini

In language processing, training data with extremely large variance may lead to difficulty in the language model's convergence. It is difficult for the network parameters to adapt sentences with largely varied semantics or grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yunhao Yang , Zhaokun Xue