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Application Programming Interface (API) incompatibility is a long-standing issue in Android application development. The rapid evolution of Android APIs results in a significant number of API additions, removals, and changes between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shidong Pan , Tianchen Guo , Lihong Zhang , Pei Liu , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Android fragmentation refers to the overwhelming diversity of Android devices and OS versions. These lead to the impossibility of testing an app on every supported device, leaving a number of compatibility bugs scattered in the community…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Yonghui Liu , John Grundy , Li Li

Repackaging is a serious threat to the Android ecosystem as it deprives app developers of their benefits, contributes to spreading malware on users' devices, and increases the workload of market maintainers. In the space of six years, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Li Li , Tegawendé Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Performance issues in Android applications significantly undermine users' experience, engagement, and retention, which is a long-lasting research topic in academia. Unlike functionality issues, performance issues are more difficult to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dianshu Liao , Shidong Pan , Siyuan Yang , Yanjie Zhao , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

The Android ecosystem faces a notable challenge known as fragmentation, which denotes the extensive diversity within the system. This issue is mainly related to differences in system versions, device hardware specifications, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Zikan Dong , Yanjie Zhao , Tianming Liu , Chao Wang , Guosheng Xu , Guoai Xu , Haoyu Wang

Despite being one of the largest and most popular projects, the official Android framework has only provided test cases for less than 30% of its APIs. Such a poor test case coverage rate has led to many compatibility issues that can cause…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Yanjie Zhao , Pei Liu , John Grundy , Li Li

Android OS is severely fragmented by API updates and device vendors' OS customization, creating a market condition where vastly different OS versions coexist. This gives rise to compatibility crash problems where Android apps crash on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Donghwi Kim , Hyungjun Yoon , Chang Min Park , Sujin Han , Youngjin Kwon , Steven Y. Ko , Sung-Ju Lee

The Android ecosystem is profoundly fragmented due to the frequent updates of the Android system and the prevalent customizations by mobile device manufacturers. Previous research primarily focused on identifying and repairing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Junfeng Chen , Kevin Li , Yifei Chen , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu

XML configuration files are widely used in Android to define an app's user interface and essential runtime information such as system permissions. As Android evolves, it might introduce functional changes in the configuration environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Huaxun Huang , Ming Wen , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Many developers and organizations implement apps for Android, the most widely used operating system for mobile devices. Common problems developers face are the various hardware devices, customized Android variants, and frequent updates,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Sebastian Nielebock , Paul Blockhaus , Jacob Krüger , Frank Ortmeier

As part of the process of resolving issues submitted by users via bug reports, Android developers attempt to reproduce and observe the failures described by the bug report. Due to the low-quality of bug reports and the complexity of modern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Zhaoxu Zhang , Robert Winn , Yu Zhao , Tingting Yu , William G. J. Halfond

Building Android applications reliably remains a persistent challenge due to complex dependencies, diverse configurations, and the rapid evolution of the Android ecosystem. This study conducts an empirical analysis of 200 open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lakshmi Priya Bodepudi , Yutong Zhao , Ming Quan Fu , Yuanyuan Wu , Sen He , Yu Zhao

The fragmentation problem has extended from Android to different platforms, such as iOS, mobile web, and even mini-programs within some applications (app). In such a situation, recording and replaying test scripts is a popular automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Yexiao Yun , Yang Feng

Mobile phones have developed into complex platforms with large numbers of installed applications and a wide range of sensitive data. Application security policies limit the permissions of each installed application. As applications may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-01 Steffen Bartsch , Karsten Sohr , Michaela Bunke , Oliver Hofrichter , Bernhard Berger

Many phone vendors use Android as their underlying OS, but often extend it to add new functionality and to make it compatible with their specific phones. When a new version of Android is released, phone vendors need to merge or re-apply…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Mehran Mahmoudi , Sarah Nadi

Mobile apps are predominantly integrated with cloud services to benefit from enhanced functionalities. Adopting authentication using secrets such as API keys is crucial to ensure secure mobile-cloud interactions. However, developers often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kevin Li , Lin Ling , Jinqiu Yang , Lili Wei

The modern software development landscape has seen a shift in focus toward mobile applications as tablets and smartphones near ubiquitous adoption. Due to this trend, the complexity of these apps has been increasing, making development and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Kevin Moran , Mario Linares-Vásquez , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Denys Poshyvanyk

Mobile operating systems evolve quickly, frequently updating the APIs that app developers use to build their apps. Unfortunately, API updates do not always guarantee backward compatibility, causing apps to not longer work properly or even…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Marco Mobilio , Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Android apps are built on APIs that abstract core Android system functionalities. These APIs are officially documented in multiple files distributed with the Android source code or SDK, which we collectively refer to as Android API Lists…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sinan Wang , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Lili Wei , Yida Tao , Yepang Liu

Mobile application performance is a vital factor for user experience. Yet, performance issues are notoriously difficult to detect in development environments, where they often manifest less conspicuously, making their diagnosis more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zhengquan Li , Zhenhao Li , Zishuo Ding
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