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Related papers: Post-hoc Concept Bottleneck Models

200 papers

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to enhance interpretability by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts. However, unintended information leakage, where predictive signals bypass the concept bottleneck, compromises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mikael Makonnen , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Sonia Laguna , Julia E Vogt

Deep learning has advanced NLP, but interpretability remains limited, especially in healthcare and finance. Concept bottleneck models tie predictions to human concepts in vision, but NLP versions either use binary activations that harm text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yibo Yang

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have made significant strides in various natural language processing tasks. However, the lack of interpretability due to their ``black-box'' nature poses challenges for responsible implementation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Zhen Tan , Lu Cheng , Song Wang , Yuan Bo , Jundong Li , Huan Liu

To increase the trustworthiness of deep neural networks, it is critical to improve the understanding of how they make decisions. This paper introduces a novel unsupervised concept-based model for image classification, named Learnable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Mechanistic interpretability focuses on reverse engineering the internal mechanisms learned by neural networks. We extend our focus and propose to mechanistically forward engineer using our framework based on Concept Bottleneck Models. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Angela van Sprang , Erman Acar , Willem Zuidema

Rising usage of deep neural networks to perform decision making in critical applications like medical diagnosis and financial analysis have raised concerns regarding their reliability and trustworthiness. As automated systems become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sanchit Sinha , Mengdi Huai , Jianhui Sun , Aidong Zhang

In recent years, the black-box nature of deep learning models has limited their application in high-stakes domains such as medical diagnosis and finance, where interpretability is essential. To address this, we propose a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yike Sun , Mingkun Xu , Mu You , Zhongzhi He , Henghua Shen , Zehan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Tao Fang

Concept bottleneck models have been successfully used for explainable machine learning by encoding information within the model with a set of human-defined concepts. In the context of human-assisted or autonomous driving, explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jessica Echterhoff , An Yan , Kyungtae Han , Amr Abdelraouf , Rohit Gupta , Julian McAuley

Recent research on graph neural network (GNN) models successfully applied GNNs to classical graph algorithms and combinatorial optimisation problems. This has numerous benefits, such as allowing applications of algorithms when preconditions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Dobrik Georgiev , Pietro Barbiero , Dmitry Kazhdan , Petar Veličković , Pietro Liò

Continuous prompts have become widely adopted for augmenting performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, the underlying mechanism of this enhancement remains obscure. Previous studies rely on individual words for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Qian Chen , Dongyang Li , Xiaofeng He

Automated ICD-10 coding from clinical discharge summaries requires models that are both accurate on long-tailed multi-label classification tasks and interpretable to clinicians. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer a principled framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mohammed Sameer Syed , Xuan Lu

Interpretability and explainability of neural networks is continuously increasing in importance, especially within safety-critical domains and to provide the social right to explanation. Concept based explanations align well with how humans…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Rishabh Jain

Extreme ocean phenomena are challenging not only to predict but to diagnose, as accurate forecasts alone do not reveal the underlying physical drivers. While recent machine learning approaches achieve strong predictive skill, they remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sanah Suri , Kieran Ringel , Maike Sonnewald

Despite their success in various domains, the growing dependence on GNNs raises a critical concern about the nature of the combinatorial reasoning underlying their predictions, which is often hidden within their black-box architectures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yue Niu , Zhaokai Sun , Jiayi Yang , Xiaofeng Cao , Rui Fan , Xin Sun , Hanli Wang , Wei Ye

Deep learning models have achieved strong performance in medical image analysis, but their internal decision processes remain difficult to interpret. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) partially address this limitation by structuring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Getamesay Dagnaw , Xuefei Yin , Muhammad Hassan Maqsood , Yanming Zhu , Alan Wee-Chung Liew

We introduce structural causal bottleneck models (SCBMs), a novel class of structural causal models. At the core of SCBMs lies the assumption that causal effects between high-dimensional variables only depend on low-dimensional summary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Simon Bing , Jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

We seek to learn models that we can interact with using high-level concepts: if the model did not think there was a bone spur in the x-ray, would it still predict severe arthritis? State-of-the-art models today do not typically support the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Pang Wei Koh , Thao Nguyen , Yew Siang Tang , Stephen Mussmann , Emma Pierson , Been Kim , Percy Liang

Due to the high stakes in medical decision-making, there is a compelling demand for interpretable deep learning methods in medical image analysis. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) have emerged as an active interpretable framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yibo Gao , Zheyao Gao , Xin Gao , Yuanye Liu , Bomin Wang , Xiahai Zhuang

Estimating how well a machine learning model performs during inference is critical in a variety of scenarios (for example, to quantify uncertainty, or to choose from a library of available models). However, the standard accuracy estimate of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Xuechen Zhang , Samet Oymak , Jiasi Chen

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been prevailing in state-of-the-art methods for natural language processing, and knowledge-enhanced PLMs are further proposed to promote model performance in knowledge-intensive tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Xintao Wang , Zhouhong Gu , Jiaqing Liang , Dakuan Lu , Yanghua Xiao , Wei Wang