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Gaussian processes (GPs) are a powerful tool for probabilistic inference over functions. They have been applied to both regression and non-linear dimensionality reduction, and offer desirable properties such as uncertainty estimates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-01 Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk , Carl E. Rasmussen

Gaussian process ($GP$) regression is a widely used non-parametric modeling tool, but its cubic complexity in the training size limits its use on massive data sets. A practical remedy is to predict using only the nearest neighbours of each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Robert Allison , Tomasz Maciazek , Anthony Stephenson

Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian nonparametric models for function approximation with principled predictive uncertainty estimates. Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multilayer generalizations of GPs that can represent complex marginal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Qiuxian Meng , Yongyou Zhang

The use of Gaussian processes (GPs) is supported by efficient sampling algorithms, a rich methodological literature, and strong theoretical grounding. However, due to their prohibitive computation and storage demands, the use of exact GPs…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Kelly R. Moran , Matthew W. Wheeler

Gaussian processes are a flexible Bayesian nonparametric modelling approach that has been widely applied but poses computational challenges. To address the poor scaling of exact inference methods, approximation methods based on sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Rui Meng , Herbert Lee , Soper Braden , Priyadip Ray

This paper presents a new approach to a robust Gaussian process (GP) regression. Most existing approaches replace an outlier-prone Gaussian likelihood with a non-Gaussian likelihood induced from a heavy tail distribution, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Chiwoo Park , David J. Borth , Nicholas S. Wilson , Chad N. Hunter , Fritz J. Friedersdorf

Gaussian Process (GP) models provide a flexible framework for prediction and uncertainty quantification. For most covariance functions, however, exact GP prediction with $n$ points scales as $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$, making it prohibitively…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-29 Samanyu Arora , Christopher J. Geoga

Accurate assessment of systematic uncertainties is an increasingly vital task in physics studies, where large, high-dimensional datasets, like those collected at the Large Hadron Collider, hold the key to new discoveries. Common approaches…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Alexis Romero , Kyle Cranmer , Daniel Whiteson

While Gaussian processes are a mainstay for various engineering and scientific applications, the uncertainty estimates don't satisfy frequentist guarantees and can be miscalibrated in practice. State-of-the-art approaches for designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Alexandre Capone , Geoff Pleiss , Sandra Hirche

Gaussian process (GP) models are widely used to analyze spatially referenced data and to predict values at locations without observations. In contrast to many algorithmic procedures, GP models are based on a statistical framework, which…

Computation · Statistics 2020-01-01 Florian Gerber , Douglas W. Nychka

We consider the use of Gaussian process (GP) priors for solving inverse problems in a Bayesian framework. As is well known, the computational complexity of GPs scales cubically in the number of datapoints. We here show that in the context…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-01 Cédric Travelletti , David Ginsbourger , Niklas Linde

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants have established themselves as the go-to algorithms for large-scale machine learning problems with independent samples due to their generalization performance and intrinsic computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-25 Hao Chen , Lili Zheng , Raed Al Kontar , Garvesh Raskutti

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are a popular approach to predict the output of a parameterized experiment. They have many applications in the field of Computer Experiments, in particular to perform sensitivity analysis, adaptive design of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-08 Hossein Mohammadi , Rodolphe Le Riche , Nicolas Durrande , Eric Touboul , Xavier Bay

Variational approximation methods have proven to be useful for scaling Bayesian computations to large data sets and highly parametrized models. Applying variational methods involves solving an optimization problem, and recent research in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-13 Victor M. -H. Ong , David J. Nott , Michael S. Smith

Standard sparse pseudo-input approximations to the Gaussian process (GP) cannot handle complex functions well. Sparse spectrum alternatives attempt to answer this but are known to over-fit. We suggest the use of variational inference for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-23 Yarin Gal , Richard Turner

We consider the accuracy of an approximate posterior distribution in nonparametric regression problems by combining posterior distributions computed on subsets of the data defined by the locations of the independent variables. We show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Botond Szabo , Amine Hadji , Aad van der Vaart

Gaussian process (GP) regression is a powerful probabilistic modeling technique with built-in uncertainty quantification. When one has access to multiple correlated simulations (tasks), it is common to fit a multitask GP (MTGP) surrogate…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-18 Aleksei G. Sorokin , Pieterjan Robbe , Fred J. Hickernell

Although Gaussian processes (GPs) with deep kernels have been successfully used for meta-learning in regression tasks, its uncertainty estimation performance can be poor. We propose a meta-learning method for calibrating deep kernel GPs for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-14 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Gaussian processes (GPs) are non-linear probabilistic models popular in many applications. However, na\"ive GP realizations require quadratic memory to store the covariance matrix and cubic computation to perform inference or evaluate the…

Computation · Statistics 2021-05-03 Amanda Muyskens , Benjamin Priest , Imène Goumiri , Michael Schneider

Gaussian processes (GPs) are frequently used in machine learning and statistics to construct powerful models. However, when employing GPs in practice, important considerations must be made, regarding the high computational burden,…

Computation · Statistics 2021-03-08 Karla Monterrubio-Gómez , Sara Wade
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