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The use of machine learning algorithms in finance, medicine, and criminal justice can deeply impact human lives. As a consequence, research into interpretable machine learning has rapidly grown in an attempt to better control and fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Thibaut Vidal , Toni Pacheco , Maximilian Schiffer

Tree-based methods are popular machine learning techniques used in various fields. In this work, we review their foundations and a general framework the importance sampled learning ensemble (ISLE) that accelerates their fitting process.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-02 Yinuo Zeng

Tree ensembles are powerful models that are widely used. However, they are susceptible to adversarial examples, which are examples that purposely constructed to elicit a misprediction from the model. This can degrade performance and erode a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Laurens Devos , Wannes Meert , Jesse Davis

In the context of End-to-End testing of web applications, automated exploration techniques (a.k.a. crawling) are widely used to infer state-based models of the site under test. These models, in which states represent features of the web…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Anna Corazza , Sergio Di Martino , Adriano Peron , Luigi Libero Lucio Starace

This work focuses on quantitative verification of fairness in tree ensembles. Unlike traditional verification approaches that merely return a single counterexample when the fairness is violated, quantitative verification estimates the ratio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhenjiang Zhao , Takahisa Toda , Takashi Kitamura

Neural cryptography is the application of artificial neural networks in the subject of cryptography. The functionality of this solution is based on a tree parity machine. It uses artificial neural networks to perform secure key exchange…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Miłosz Stypiński , Marcin Niemiec

Symbolic indefinite integration in Computer Algebra Systems such as Maple involves selecting the most effective algorithm from multiple available methods. Not all methods will succeed for a given problem, and when several do, the results,…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rashid Barket , Matthew England , Jürgen Gerhard

Tree ensembles are very popular machine learning models, known for their effectiveness in supervised classification and regression tasks. Their performance derives from aggregating predictions of multiple decision trees, which are renowned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Lorenzo Bonasera , Emilio Carrizosa

Cross-validation is a useful and generally applicable technique often employed in machine learning, including decision tree induction. An important disadvantage of straightforward implementation of the technique is its computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hendrik Blockeel , Jan Struyf

Datasets can be biased due to societal inequities, human biases, under-representation of minorities, etc. Our goal is to certify that models produced by a learning algorithm are pointwise-robust to potential dataset biases. This is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Anna P. Meyer , Aws Albarghouthi , Loris D'Antoni

Using Machine Learning systems in the real world can often be problematic, with inexplicable black-box models, the assumed certainty of imperfect measurements, or providing a single classification instead of a probability distribution. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan S. Kent , David H. Menager

Tree-based models have achieved great success in a wide range of real-world applications due to their effectiveness, robustness, and interpretability, which inspired people to apply them in vertical federated learning (VFL) scenarios in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Bingchen Qian , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

We consider conducting inference on the output of the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) [Breiman et al., 1984] algorithm. A naive approach to inference that does not account for the fact that the tree was estimated from the data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-19 Anna C. Neufeld , Lucy L. Gao , Daniela M. Witten

We propose a novel solution combining supervised and unsupervised machine learning models for intrusion detection at kernel level in cloud containers. In particular, the proposed solution is built over an ensemble of random and isolation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Alfonso Iacovazzi , Shahid Raza

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly used to implement advanced applications with non-deterministic behavior, which operate on the cloud-edge continuum. The pervasive adoption of ML is urgently calling for assurance solutions assessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Marco Anisetti , Claudio A. Ardagna , Nicola Bena , Ernesto Damiani

Despite the extent of recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) and Neural Networks, providing formal guarantees on the behavior of these systems is still an open problem, and a crucial requirement for their adoption in regulated or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Matteo Francobaldi , Michele Lombardi

We propose a maturity-based framework for certifying embodied AI systems through explicit measurement mechanisms. We argue that certifiable embodied AI requires structured assessment frameworks, quantitative scoring mechanisms, and methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Michael C. Darling , Alan H. Hesu , Michael A. Mardikes , Brian C. McGuigan , Reed M. Milewicz

This work develops formal statistical inference procedures for machine learning ensemble methods. Ensemble methods based on bootstrapping, such as bagging and random forests, have improved the predictive accuracy of individual trees, but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-11 Lucas Mentch , Giles Hooker

Interpretability has become incredibly important as machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decisions. We propose to construct global explanations of complex, blackbox models in the form of a decision tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani
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