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Related papers: Fool SHAP with Stealthily Biased Sampling

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Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

Among explainability techniques, SHAP stands out as one of the most popular, but often overlooks the causal structure of the problem. In response, do-SHAP employs interventional queries, but its reliance on estimands hinders its practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Álvaro Parafita , Tomas Garriga , Axel Brando , Francisco J. Cazorla

Deep Neural Networks have achieved extraordinary results on image classification tasks, but have been shown to be vulnerable to attacks with carefully crafted perturbations of the input data. Although most attacks usually change values of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Apostolos Modas , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Pascal Frossard

We provide an approach to exploratory data analysis in matched observational studies with a single intervention and multiple endpoints. In such settings, the researcher would like to explore evidence for actual treatment effects among these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Mengqi Lin , Colin Fogarty

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tao Xiang , Hangcheng Liu , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Liao

To mitigate unfair and unethical discrimination over sensitive features (e.g., gender, age, or race), fairness testing plays an integral role in engineering systems that leverage AI models to handle tabular data. A key challenge therein is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Chengwen Du , Tao Chen

Besides accuracy, recent studies on machine learning models have been addressing the question on how the obtained results can be interpreted. Indeed, while complex machine learning models are able to provide very good results in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte , Michel Grabisch

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enze Shi , Pankaj Bhagwat , Zhixian Yang , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

By adding human-imperceptible noise to clean images, the resultant adversarial examples can fool other unknown models. Features of a pixel extracted by deep neural networks (DNNs) are influenced by its surrounding regions, and different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Lianli Gao , Qilong Zhang , Jingkuan Song , Xianglong Liu , Heng Tao Shen

Automated bias detection in news text is heavily used to support journalistic analysis and media accountability, yet little is known about how bias detection models arrive at their decisions or why they fail. In this work, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Himel Ghosh

This paper reviews and advocates against the use of permute-and-predict (PaP) methods for interpreting black box functions. Methods such as the variable importance measures proposed for random forests, partial dependence plots, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-11 Giles Hooker , Lucas Mentch , Siyu Zhou

Misclassifications in spam and phishing detection are very harmful, as false negatives expose users to attacks while false positives degrade trust. Existing uncertainty-based detectors can flag potential errors, but possibly be deceived and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Qi Zhang , Dian Chen , Lance M. Kaplan , Audun Jøsang , Dong Hyun Jeong , Feng Chen , Jin-Hee Cho

Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

Shapley values are model-agnostic methods for explaining model predictions. Many commonly used methods of computing Shapley values, known as off-manifold methods, rely on model evaluations on out-of-distribution input samples. Consequently,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-28 Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Patrick Blöbaum , Lenon Minorics

Numerous works study black-box attacks on image classifiers. However, these works make different assumptions on the adversary's knowledge and current literature lacks a cohesive organization centered around the threat model. To systematize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Fnu Suya , Anshuman Suri , Tingwei Zhang , Jingtao Hong , Yuan Tian , David Evans

Given the need to evaluate the robustness of face recognition (FR) models, many efforts have focused on adversarial patch attacks that mislead FR models by introducing localized perturbations. Impersonation attacks are a significant threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Mingsi Wang , Shuaiyin Yao , Chang Yue , Lijie Zhang , Guozhu Meng

The effect of bias on hypothesis formation is characterized for an automated data-driven projection pursuit neural network to extract and select features for binary classification of data streams. This intelligent exploratory process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 John Patterson , Chris Avery , Tyler Grear , Donald J. Jacobs

Prototype-based explanations offer an intuitive, example-based approach to support the interpretability of machine learning black box classifiers but often lack feature-level granularity. We introduce a framework that integrates feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly effective in solving many complex real-world problems. However, these models are vulnerable to adversarial perturbation attacks, and despite the plethora of research in this domain, to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Gil Fidel , Ron Bitton , Asaf Shabtai