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Related papers: Flowification: Everything is a Normalizing Flow

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Normalizing flows are invertible neural networks with tractable change-of-volume terms, which allow optimization of their parameters to be efficiently performed via maximum likelihood. However, data of interest are typically assumed to live…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Anthony L. Caterini , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Geoff Pleiss , John P. Cunningham

In the past, normalizing generative flows have emerged as a promising class of generative models for natural images. This type of model has many modeling advantages: the ability to efficiently compute log-likelihood of the input data, fast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Alexander Kolesnikov , André Susano Pinto , Michael Tschannen

Bayesian posterior inference is prevalent in various machine learning problems. Variational inference provides one way to approximate the posterior distribution, however its expressive power is limited and so is the accuracy of resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Guoqing Zheng , Yiming Yang , Jaime Carbonell

Normalising Flows are non-parametric statistical models characterised by their dual capabilities of density estimation and generation. This duality requires an inherently invertible architecture. However, the requirement of invertibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

In supervised learning, it is known that overparameterized neural networks with one hidden layer provably and efficiently learn and generalize, when trained using stochastic gradient descent with a sufficiently small learning rate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Kulin Shah , Amit Deshpande , Navin Goyal

Normalizing Flows (NFs) have been established as a principled framework for generative modeling. Standard NFs consist of a forward process and a reverse process: the forward process maps data to noise, while the reverse process generates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yiyang Lu , Qiao Sun , Xianbang Wang , Zhicheng Jiang , Hanhong Zhao , Kaiming He

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

We seek to improve deep neural networks by generalizing the pooling operations that play a central role in current architectures. We pursue a careful exploration of approaches to allow pooling to learn and to adapt to complex and variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-13 Chen-Yu Lee , Patrick W. Gallagher , Zhuowen Tu

We reinterpret multiplicative noise in neural networks as auxiliary random variables that augment the approximate posterior in a variational setting for Bayesian neural networks. We show that through this interpretation it is both efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-14 Christos Louizos , Max Welling

We present a novel theoretical framework for understanding the expressive power of normalizing flows. Despite their prevalence in scientific applications, a comprehensive understanding of flows remains elusive due to their restricted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Felix Draxler , Stefan Wahl , Christoph Schnörr , Ullrich Köthe

Normalizing flows are constructed from a base distribution with a known density and a diffeomorphism with a tractable Jacobian. The base density of a normalizing flow can be parameterised by a different normalizing flow, thus allowing maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Samuel Klein , John Andrew Raine , Tobias Golling

A Normalizing Flow computes a bijective mapping from an arbitrary distribution to a predefined (e.g. normal) distribution. Such a flow can be used to address different tasks, e.g. anomaly detection, once such a mapping has been learned. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Bodo Rosenhahn , Christoph Hirche

To enhance low-light images to normally-exposed ones is highly ill-posed, namely that the mapping relationship between them is one-to-many. Previous works based on the pixel-wise reconstruction losses and deterministic processes fail to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Yufei Wang , Renjie Wan , Wenhan Yang , Haoliang Li , Lap-Pui Chau , Alex C. Kot

Continuous normalizing flows are known to be highly expressive and flexible, which allows for easier incorporation of large symmetries and makes them a powerful computational tool for lattice field theories. Building on previous work, we…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-12-22 Mathis Gerdes , Pim de Haan , Roberto Bondesan , Miranda C. N. Cheng

Data arrives at our senses as a continuous stream, smoothly transforming from one instant to the next. These smooth transformations can be viewed as continuous symmetries of the environment that we inhabit, defining equivalence relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 T. Anderson Keller

Fueled by the expressive power of deep neural networks, normalizing flows have achieved spectacular success in generative modeling, or learning to draw new samples from a distribution given a finite dataset of training samples. Normalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Yuehaw Khoo , Michael Lindsey , Hongli Zhao

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a classical family of likelihood-based methods that have received revived attention. Recent efforts such as TARFlow have shown that NFs are capable of achieving promising performance on image modeling tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Tianrong Chen , Jiatao Gu , David Berthelot , Joshua Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai

Normalizing flows are among the most popular paradigms in generative modeling, especially for images, primarily because we can efficiently evaluate the likelihood of a data point. This is desirable both for evaluating the fit of a model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Frederic Koehler , Viraj Mehta , Andrej Risteski

Normalizing flows have shown great promise for modelling flexible probability distributions in a computationally tractable way. However, whilst data is often naturally described on Riemannian manifolds such as spheres, torii, and hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Emile Mathieu , Maximilian Nickel

We present a generative model that is defined on finite sets of exchangeable, potentially high dimensional, data. As the architecture is an extension of RealNVPs, it inherits all its favorable properties, such as being invertible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kashif Rasul , Ingmar Schuster , Roland Vollgraf , Urs Bergmann