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To satisfy the compute and memory demands of deep neural networks, neural processing units (NPUs) are widely being utilized for accelerating deep learning algorithms. Similar to how GPUs have evolved from a slave device into a mainstream…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Bongjoon Hyun , Youngeun Kwon , Yujeong Choi , John Kim , Minsoo Rhu

In-memory database query processing frequently involves substantial data transfers between the CPU and memory, leading to inefficiencies due to Von Neumann bottleneck. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer a viable solution to…

Data movement between memory and processors is a major bottleneck in modern computing systems. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm aims to alleviate this bottleneck by performing computation inside memory chips. Real PIM hardware (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jinfan Chen , Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Yuxin Guo , Onur Mutlu

The advent of deep learning has resulted in a number of applications which have transformed the landscape of the research area in which it has been applied. However, with an increase in popularity, the complexity of classical deep neural…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Venkatesh Rammamoorthy , Geng Zhao , Bharathi Reddy , Ming-Yang Lin

Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

Machine learning applications are computationally demanding and power intensive. Hardware acceleration of these software tools is a natural step being explored using various technologies. A recurrent processing unit (RPU) is fast and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Heidi Komkov , Alessandro Restelli , Brian Hunt , Liam Shaughnessy , Itamar Shani , Daniel P. Lathrop

Digital computers have been getting exponentially faster for decades, but huge challenges exist today. Transistor scaling, described by Moore's law, has been slowing down over the last few years, ending the era of fully predictable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Adnan Mehonic , Dovydas Joksas

This paper introduces the Modular Neural Computer (MNC), a memory-augmented neural architecture for exact algorithmic computation on variable-length inputs. The model combines an external associative memory of scalar cells, explicit read…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Florin Leon

With the rapid advent of generative models, efficiently deploying these models on specialized hardware has become critical. Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are designed to accelerate AI workloads, but their high power consumption…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhantong Zhu , Hongou Li , Wenjie Ren , Meng Wu , Le Ye , Ru Huang , Tianyu Jia

The rapid advancement of neuromorphic technology aims to address the memory wall challenge inherent in conventional von Neumann architectures. This paper critically examines current digital neuromorphic processors and their strategies to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Sameed Sohail , Ana Lucia Varbanescu

The AI problem has no solution in the environment of existing hardware stack and OS architecture. CPU-centric model of computation has a huge number of drawbacks that originate from memory hierarchy and obsolete architecture of the…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Viacheslav Dubeyko

Memory-centric computing aims to enable computation capability in and near all places where data is generated and stored. As such, it can greatly reduce the large negative performance and energy impact of data access and data movement, by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Ismail Emir Yuksel

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

As a potential revolutionary topic in future information processing, mechanical computing has gained tremendous attention for replacing or supplementing conventional electronics vulnerable to power outages, security attacks, and harsh…

Memcomputing is a novel non-Turing paradigm of computation that uses interacting memory cells (memprocessors for short) to store and process information on the same physical platform. It was recently proved mathematically that memcomputing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-07-09 Fabio L. Traversa , Chiara Ramella , Fabrizio Bonani , Massimiliano Di Ventra

In a data-driven economy, virtually all industries benefit from advances in information technology -- powerful computing systems are critically important for rapid technological progress. However, this progress might be at risk of slowing…

Memristive neural networks (MNNs), which use memristors as neurons or synapses, have become a hot research topic recently. However, most memristors are not compatible with mainstream integrated circuit technology and their stabilities in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Zhiri Tang , Ruohua Zhu , Peng Lin , Jin He , Hao Wang , Qijun Huang , Sheng Chang , Qiming Ma

The new generation of machine learning processors have evolved from multi-core and parallel architectures that were designed to efficiently implement matrix-vector-multiplications (MVMs). This is because at the fundamental level, neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Nazreen P. M. , Shantanu Chakrabartty , Chetan Singh Thakur

Large scale digital computing almost exclusively relies on the von-Neumann architecture which comprises of separate units for storage and computations. The energy expensive transfer of data from the memory units to the computing cores…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Akhilesh Jaiswal , Indranil Chakraborty , Amogh Agrawal , Kaushik Roy

In-memory computing hardware accelerators allow more than 10x improvements in peak efficiency and performance for matrix-vector multiplications (MVM) compared to conventional digital designs. For this, they have gained great interest for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Pouya Houshmand , Marian Verhelst