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Recently, discrete tokens derived from self-supervised learning (SSL) models via k-means clustering have been actively studied as pseudo-text in speech language models and as efficient intermediate representations for various tasks.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kentaro Onda , Satoru Fukayama , Daisuke Saito , Nobuaki Minematsu

Self-supervised learning has been used to leverage unlabelled data, improving accuracy and generalisation of speech systems through the training of representation models. While many recent works have sought to produce effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Antoni Dimitriadis , Siqi Pan , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Beena Ahmed

Speech production is a complex phenomenon, wherein the brain orchestrates a sequence of processes involving thought processing, motor planning, and the execution of articulatory movements. However, this intricate execution of various…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-06 Shakeel Ahmad Sheikh

Self-supervised learning (SSL) based speech pre-training has attracted much attention for its capability of extracting rich representations learned from massive unlabeled data. On the other hand, the use of weakly-supervised data is less…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-30 Wangyou Zhang , Yanmin Qian

Self-supervised learning (SSL) speech representations learned from large amounts of diverse, mixed-quality speech data without transcriptions are gaining ground in many speech technology applications. Prior work has shown that SSL is an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-12 Siyang Wang , Gustav Eje Henter , Joakim Gustafson , Éva Székely

Syllables are compositional units of spoken language that efficiently structure human speech perception and production. However, current neural speech representations lack such structure, resulting in dense token sequences that are costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Cheol Jun Cho , Nicholas Lee , Akshat Gupta , Dhruv Agarwal , Ethan Chen , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Self-supervised automatic speech recognition (SSL-ASR) is an ASR approach that uses speech encoders pretrained on large amounts of unlabeled audio (e.g., wav2vec2.0 or HuBERT) and then fine-tunes them with limited labeled data to perform…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Eyal Cohen , Bhiksha Raj , Joseph Keshet

Recent advancements in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have shown promising results in Speaker Verification (SV). However, narrowing the performance gap with supervised systems remains an ongoing challenge. Several studies have observed that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Victor Miara , Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak

We investigate the performance of self-supervised pretraining frameworks on pathological speech datasets used for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Modern end-to-end models require thousands of hours of data to train well, but only a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lester Phillip Violeta , Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Toda

We present a method for transferring pre-trained self-supervised (SSL) speech representations to multiple languages. There is an abundance of unannotated speech, so creating self-supervised representations from raw audio and fine-tuning on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-08 Samuel Kessler , Bethan Thomas , Salah Karout

Many self-supervised speech models (S3Ms) have been introduced over the last few years, improving performance and data efficiency on various speech tasks. However, these empirical successes alone do not give a complete picture of what is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Ankita Pasad , Chung-Ming Chien , Shane Settle , Karen Livescu

Speech encoding models use auditory representations to predict how the human brain responds to spoken language stimuli. Most performant encoding models linearly map the hidden states of artificial neural networks to brain data, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Nishitha Vattikonda , Aditya R. Vaidya , Richard J. Antonello , Alexander G. Huth

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), pre-training and evaluation are resource intensive. In the speech domain, current indicators of the quality of SSL models during pre-training, such as the loss, do not correlate well with downstream…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ryan Whetten , Lucas Maison , Titouan Parcollet , Marco Dinarelli , Yannick Estève

Recent years have witnessed great strides in self-supervised learning (SSL) on the speech processing. The SSL model is normally pre-trained on a great variety of unlabelled data and a large model size is preferred to increase the modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Yujin Wang , Changli Tang , Ziyang Ma , Zhisheng Zheng , Xie Chen , Wei-Qiang Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages large datasets of unlabeled speech to reach impressive performance with reduced amounts of annotated data. The high number of proposed approaches fostered the emergence of comprehensive benchmarks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Salah Zaiem , Youcef Kemiche , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Mirco Ravanelli

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) from speech data has produced models that have achieved remarkable performance in many tasks, and that are known to implicitly represent many aspects of information latently present in speech signals. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Guan-Ting Lin , Chi-Luen Feng , Wei-Ping Huang , Yuan Tseng , Tzu-Han Lin , Chen-An Li , Hung-yi Lee , Nigel G. Ward

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in various areas including speech processing. Recently, it is proven that speech based SSL models are able to extract superior universal representations on a range of downstream…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Changli Tang , Yujin Wang , Xie Chen , Wei-Qiang Zhang

Code-switching (CS) is common in daily conversations where more than one language is used within a sentence. The difficulties of CS speech recognition lie in alternating languages and the lack of transcribed data. Therefore, this paper uses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Heng-Jui Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Acoustic scene classification (ASC) predominantly relies on supervised approaches. However, acquiring labeled data for training ASC models is often costly and time-consuming. Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yiqiang Cai , Shengchen Li , Xi Shao

Self-supervised learning enables the training of large neural models without the need for large, labeled datasets. It has been generating breakthroughs in several fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, biology, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Luis Lugo , Valentin Vielzeuf