Related papers: Temperature Screening and Cross-Field Impurity Acc…
A potential threat to the performance of magnetically confined fusion plasmas is the problem of impurity accumulation, which causes the concentration of highly charged impurity ions to rise uncontrollably in the center of the plasma and…
The electrostatic screening properties of ionic fluids are of paramount importance in countless physical processes. Yet, the behavior of ionic conductors out of thermal equilibrium has to date mainly been studied in the context of…
The accumulation of impurities in the core of magnetically confined plasmas, resulting from standard collisional transport mechanisms, is a known threat to their performance as fusion energy sources. Whilst the axisymmetric tokamak systems…
The non-equilibrium distribution of colloids in a polymer solution under a temperature gradient is studied experimentally. A slight increase of local temperature by a focused laser drives the colloids towards the hot region, resulting in…
Impurity temperature screening is a favorable neoclassical phenomenon involving an outward radial flux of impurity ions from the core of fusion devices. Quasisymmetric magnetic fields are intrinsically ambipolar and give rise to temperature…
Exposing a solution to a temperature gradient can lead to the accumulation of particles on either the cold or warm side. This phenomenon, known as thermophoresis, has been discovered more than a century ago, and yet its microscopic origin…
It is shown that at finite temperature and in the presence of magnetic sources magnetic fields are screened. This is proven within the framework of classical transport theory both for the Abelian and non-Abelian plasmas. Magnetic screening…
We measure the thermodynamic properties of cluster outer regions to provide constraints on the processes that rule the formation of large scale structures. We derived the thermodynamic properties of the intracluster gas (temperature,…
Although soft X-ray absorption features in AGN were discovered almost ten years ago, the nature and location of the gas creating them has remained controversial. However, by making use of the newly-available high-resolution spectra provided…
High temperature expansion of the partition function for a particle on a segment of a line is found to show an example of the quantum system that thermodynamical functions do not approach the thermodynamical functions of its classical…
The assimilation of ablated high-Z impurities into the hot surrounding plasma along the magnetic field is investigated by first-principles kinetic simulations. It is found that the assimilated impurity ions, primarily driven by the…
Turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) are ubiquitous in multiphase gas. They can potentially explain observations of high ions such as O VI, which have significant observed column densities despite short cooling times. Previously, we showed that…
Absorption imaging and spectroscopy can probe the dynamics of an ultracold neutral plasma during the first few microseconds after its creation. Quantitative analysis of the data, however, is complicated by the inhomogeneous density…
Jamming crossovers occur at zero temperature in assemblies of particles interacting via finite range repulsive potentials, when on increasing the density particles make contacts with those of subsequent coordination shells. Density…
X-ray spectroscopy of cooling-flow clusters reveal an unexpected deficit of soft X-ray emission lines from gas at ~1/3 of the ambient plasma temperature, across a wide range of X-ray luminosities and virial temperatures. We propose excess…
Low-collisionality stellarator plasmas usually display a large negative radial electric field that has been expected to cause accumulation of impurities due to their high charge number. In this paper, two combined effects that can…
We develop a thermodynamic description of accumulation-layer heterostructures in which the induced sheet density is partitioned between the near-interface accumulation-layer charge and a complementary screening charge in the surrounding…
Electron-electron interactions generally reduce the low temperature resistivity due to the screening of the impurity potential by the electron gas. In the weak-coupling limit, the magnitude of this screening effect is determined by the…
When a particle is placed in a material with a lower bulk melting temperature, intermolecular forces can lead to the existence of a premelted liquid film of the lower melting temperature material. Despite the system being below the melting…
We present a general argument showing that the temperature as well as other thermodynamical state variables can qualify as entanglement witnesses for spatial entanglement. This holds for a variety of systems and we exemplify our ideas using…