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Understanding how the brain encodes visual information is a central challenge in neuroscience and machine learning. A promising approach is to reconstruct visual stimuli, essentially images, from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zheng Huang , Enpei Zhang , Weikang Qiu , Yinghao Cai , Carl Yang , Elynn Chen , Xiang Zhang , Rex Ying , Dawei Zhou , Yujun Yan

Neural decoding, the process of understanding how brain activity corresponds to different stimuli, has been a primary objective in cognitive sciences. Over the past three decades, advances in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanchen Wang , Adam Turnbull , Tiange Xiang , Yunlong Xu , Sa Zhou , Adnan Masoud , Shekoofeh Azizi , Feng Vankee Lin , Ehsan Adeli

Reconstructing visual stimulus images is a significant task in neural decoding, and up to now, most studies consider the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as the signal source. However, the fMRI-based image reconstruction methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Hongguang Pan , Zhuoyi Li , Yunpeng Fu , Xuebin Qin , Jianchen Hu

Reconstructing perceived natural images from fMRI signals is one of the most engaging topics of neural decoding research. Prior studies had success in reconstructing either the low-level image features or the semantic/high-level aspects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Furkan Ozcelik , Bhavin Choksi , Milad Mozafari , Leila Reddy , Rufin VanRullen

Recent advances in fMRI-based image reconstruction have achieved remarkable photo-realistic fidelity. Yet, a persistent limitation remains: while reconstructed images often appear naturalistic and holistically similar to the target stimuli,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lan Yang , Minghan Yang , Ke Li , Honggang Zhang , Kaiyue Pang , Yi-Zhe Song

Non-invasive brainwave decoding is usually done using Magneto/Electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) sensor measurements as inputs. This makes combining datasets and building models with inductive biases difficult as most datasets use different…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Yonatan Gideoni , Ryan Charles Timms , Oiwi Parker Jones

While objects from different categories can be reliably decoded from fMRI brain response patterns, it has proved more difficult to distinguish visually similar inputs, such as different instances of the same category. Here, we apply a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Rufin VanRullen , Leila Reddy

Decoding visual stimuli from neural activity is essential for understanding the human brain. While fMRI methods have successfully reconstructed static images, fMRI-to-video reconstruction faces challenges due to the need for capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Haonan Wang , Qixiang Zhang , Lehan Wang , Xuanqi Huang , Xiaomeng Li

Removing noise from images is a challenging and fundamental problem in the field of computer vision. Images captured by modern cameras are inevitably degraded by noise which limits the accuracy of any quantitative measurements on those…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Nikhil Verma , Deepkamal Kaur , Lydia Chau

Image compression and reconstruction are crucial for various digital applications. While contemporary neural compression methods achieve impressive compression rates, the adoption of such technology has been largely hindered by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ethan G. Rogers , Cheng Wang

This work presents a novel method of exploring human brain-visual representations, with a view towards replicating these processes in machines. The core idea is to learn plausible computational and biological representations by correlating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Simone Palazzo , Concetto Spampinato , Isaak Kavasidis , Daniela Giordano , Joseph Schmidt , Mubarak Shah

AI-based neural decoding reconstructs visual perception by leveraging generative models to map brain activity, measured through functional MRI (fMRI), into latent hierarchical representations. Traditionally, ridge linear models transform…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-04 Lorenzo Veronese , Andrea Moglia , Luca Mainardi , Pietro Cerveri

Recent work has demonstrated that complex visual stimuli can be decoded from human brain activity using deep generative models, offering new ways to probe how the brain represents real-world scenes. However, many existing approaches first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pinyuan Feng , Hossein Adeli , Wenxuan Guo , Fan Cheng , Ethan Hwang , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

Achieving human-like memory recall in artificial systems remains a challenging frontier in computer vision. Humans demonstrate remarkable ability to recall images after a single exposure, even after being shown thousands of images. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Virgile Foussereau , Robin Dumas

We are witnessing an explosion of neural implicit representations in computer vision and graphics. Their applicability has recently expanded beyond tasks such as shape generation and image-based rendering to the fundamental problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Jiaming Sun , Xi Chen , Qianqian Wang , Zhengqi Li , Hadar Averbuch-Elor , Xiaowei Zhou , Noah Snavely

Despite significant strides in visual quality assessment, the neural mechanisms underlying visual quality perception remain insufficiently explored. This study employed fMRI to examine brain activity during image quality assessment and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yiming Zhang , Ying Hu , Xiongkuo Min , Yan Zhou , Guangtao Zhai

Seeing is believing, however, the underlying mechanism of how human visual perceptions are intertwined with our cognitions is still a mystery. Thanks to the recent advances in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence, we have been able…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-17 Yu-Ting Lan , Kan Ren , Yansen Wang , Wei-Long Zheng , Dongsheng Li , Bao-Liang Lu , Lili Qiu

Decoding and reconstructing images from brain imaging data is a research area of high interest. Recent progress in deep generative neural networks has introduced new opportunities to tackle this problem. Here, we employ a recently proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Milad Mozafari , Leila Reddy , Rufin VanRullen

The reconstruction of human visual inputs from brain activity, particularly through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), holds promising avenues for unraveling the mechanisms of the human visual system. Despite the significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yujian Xiong , Wenhui Zhu , Zhong-Lin Lu , Yalin Wang

Understanding functional representations within higher visual cortex is a fundamental question in computational neuroscience. While artificial neural networks pretrained on large-scale datasets exhibit striking representational alignment…