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Attention mechanisms, primarily designed to capture pairwise correlations between words, have become the backbone of machine learning, expanding beyond natural language processing into other domains. This growth in adaptation comes at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sheng-Chun Kao , Suvinay Subramanian , Gaurav Agrawal , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Tushar Krishna

Real-time video generation with Diffusion Transformers is bottlenecked by the quadratic cost of 3D self-attention, especially in real-time regimes that are both few-step and autoregressive, where errors compound across time and each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Krish Agarwal , Zhuoming Chen , Cheng Luo , Yongqi Chen , Haizhong Zheng , Xun Huang , Atri Rudra , Beidi Chen

The Transformer is a sequence model that forgoes traditional recurrent architectures in favor of a fully attention-based approach. Besides improving performance, an advantage of using attention is that it can also help to interpret a model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Jesse Vig

Efficiently supporting long context length is crucial for Transformer models. The quadratic complexity of the self-attention computation plagues traditional Transformers. Sliding window-based static sparse attention mitigates the problem by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhenyu Bai , Pranav Dangi , Huize Li , Tulika Mitra

Current high-resolution vision-language models encode images as high-resolution image tokens and exhaustively take all these tokens to compute attention, which significantly increases the computational cost. To address this problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Junyan Li , Delin Chen , Tianle Cai , Peihao Chen , Yining Hong , Zhenfang Chen , Yikang Shen , Chuang Gan

Transformers have been proven a successful model for a variety of tasks in sequence modeling. However, computing the attention matrix, which is their key component, has quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length, thus making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Apoorv Vyas , Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

Standard transformer architectures apply a single attention mechanism uniformly across all tokens and sequence positions, irrespective of local context or computational budget. We propose Meta-Attention, a framework that dynamically routes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Alan Ferrari

The growing demand for long-context inference capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the computational and memory bottlenecks inherent to the self-attention mechanism. To address this challenge, we introduce BLASST, a…

Transformers face quadratic complexity and memory issues with long sequences, prompting the adoption of linear attention mechanisms using fixed-size hidden states. However, linear models often suffer from limited recall performance, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Dustin Wang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Steven Abreu , Yong Shan , Taylor Kergan , Yuqi Pan , Yuhong Chou , Zheng Li , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Jason Eshraghian

We present a very simple algorithm for attention that requires $O(1)$ memory with respect to sequence length and an extension to self-attention that requires $O(\log n)$ memory. This is in contrast with the frequently stated belief that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Markus N. Rabe , Charles Staats

Transformers are widely used across various applications, many of which yield sparse or partially filled attention matrices. Examples include attention masks designed to reduce the quadratic complexity of attention, sequence packing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Agniv Sharma , Jonas Geiping

Attention-based neural networks have become pervasive in many AI tasks. Despite their excellent algorithmic performance, the use of the attention mechanism and feed-forward network (FFN) demands excessive computational and memory resources,…

We explore Multi-Head FFN (MH-FFN) as a replacement of FFN in the Transformer architecture, motivated by the structural similarity between single-head attention and FFN. While multi-head mechanisms enhance expressivity in attention, naively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Minshen Zhang , Xiang Hu , Jianguo Li , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

In both Computer Vision and the wider Deep Learning field, the Transformer architecture is well-established as state-of-the-art for many applications. For Multitask Learning, however, where there may be many more queries necessary compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Christian Bohn , Thomas Kurbiel , Klaus Friedrichs , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

Modern large language models increasingly require long contexts for reasoning and multi-document tasks, but attention's quadratic complexity creates a severe computational bottleneck. We present Block-Sparse FlashAttention (BSFA), a drop-in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Daniel Ohayon , Itay Lamprecht , Itay Hubara , Israel Cohen , Daniel Soudry , Noam Elata

We propose FMMformers, a class of efficient and flexible transformers inspired by the celebrated fast multipole method (FMM) for accelerating interacting particle simulation. FMM decomposes particle-particle interaction into near-field and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Tan M. Nguyen , Vai Suliafu , Stanley J. Osher , Long Chen , Bao Wang

The Transformer is an extremely powerful and prominent deep learning architecture. In this work, we challenge the commonly held belief in deep learning that going deeper is better, and show an alternative design approach that is building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Jason Ross Brown , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert D Mullins

Generating long-form content, such as minute-long videos and extended texts, is increasingly important for modern generative models. Block diffusion improves inference efficiency via KV caching and block-wise causal inference and has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhuokun Chen , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

The highly popular Transformer architecture, based on self-attention, is the foundation of large pretrained models such as BERT, that have become an enduring paradigm in NLP. While powerful, the computational resources and time required to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Ran Tian , Joshua Maynez , Ankur P. Parikh

Self-attention mechanism is the key of the Transformer but often criticized for its computation demands. Previous token pruning works motivate their methods from the view of computation redundancy but still need to load the full network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sihao Lin , Pumeng Lyu , Dongrui Liu , Tao Tang , Xiaodan Liang , Andy Song , Xiaojun Chang