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State-of-the-art models in natural language processing rely on separate rigid subword tokenization algorithms, which limit their generalization ability and adaptation to new settings. In this paper, we propose a new model inductive bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Yi Tay , Vinh Q. Tran , Sebastian Ruder , Jai Gupta , Hyung Won Chung , Dara Bahri , Zhen Qin , Simon Baumgartner , Cong Yu , Donald Metzler

Translating characters instead of words or word-fragments has the potential to simplify the processing pipeline for neural machine translation (NMT), and improve results by eliminating hyper-parameters and manual feature engineering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Colin Cherry , George Foster , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Wolfgang Macherey

Applying the Transformer architecture on the character level usually requires very deep architectures that are difficult and slow to train. These problems can be partially overcome by incorporating a segmentation into tokens in the model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

Neural machine translation (NMT) is nowadays commonly applied at the subword level, using byte-pair encoding. A promising alternative approach focuses on character-level translation, which simplifies processing pipelines in NMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Nikolay Banar , Walter Daelemans , Mike Kestemont

Subword-level models have been the dominant paradigm in NLP. However, character-level models have the benefit of seeing each character individually, providing the model with more detailed information that ultimately could lead to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Lukas Edman , Antonio Toral , Gertjan van Noord

Character-based translation has several appealing advantages, but its performance is in general worse than a carefully tuned BPE baseline. In this paper we study the impact of character-based input and output with the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Rohit Gupta , Laurent Besacier , Marc Dymetman , Matthias Gallé

We present extensions to a continuous-state dependency parsing method that makes it applicable to morphologically rich languages. Starting with a high-performance transition-based parser that uses long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-12 Miguel Ballesteros , Chris Dyer , Noah A. Smith

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) on logographic source languages struggles when translating `unseen' characters, which never appear in the training data. One possible approach to this problem uses sub-character decomposition for training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Danielle Saunders , Weston Feely , Bill Byrne

Most existing machine translation systems operate at the level of words, relying on explicit segmentation to extract tokens. We introduce a neural machine translation (NMT) model that maps a source character sequence to a target character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Jason Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Thomas Hofmann

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are an important mode of alternative and augmentative communication for many people. Unlike keyboards, many BCI systems do not display even the 26 letters of English at one time, let alone all the symbols in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shijia Liu , David A. Smith

Neural machine translation (NMT) systems operate primarily on words (or sub-words), ignoring lower-level patterns of morphology. We present a character-aware decoder designed to capture such patterns when translating into morphologically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Adithya Renduchintala , Pamela Shapiro , Kevin Duh , Philipp Koehn

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models generally perform translation using a fixed-size lexical vocabulary, which is an important bottleneck on their generalization capability and overall translation quality. The standard approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Duygu Ataman , Orhan Firat , Mattia A. Di Gangi , Marcello Federico , Alexandra Birch

Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has emerged as a powerful alternative to conventional statistical approaches. However, its performance drops considerably in the presence of morphologically rich languages (MRLs). Neural engines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Peyman Passban , Qun Liu , Andy Way

Transformer-based models have gained increasing popularity achieving state-of-the-art performance in many research fields including speech translation. However, Transformer's quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Sara Papi , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

While translating between East Asian languages, many works have discovered clear advantages of using characters as the translation unit. Unfortunately, traditional recurrent neural machine translation systems hinder the practical usage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Thi-Vinh Ngo , Thanh-Le Ha , Phuong-Thai Nguyen , Le-Minh Nguyen

The transformer has been shown to outperform recurrent neural network-based sequence-to-sequence models in various word-level NLP tasks. Yet for character-level transduction tasks, e.g. morphological inflection generation and historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Shijie Wu , Ryan Cotterell , Mans Hulden

Neural machine translation aims at building a single large neural network that can be trained to maximize translation performance. The encoder-decoder architecture with an attention mechanism achieves a translation performance comparable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-22 Shenjian Zhao , Zhihua Zhang

Even for common NLP tasks, sufficient supervision is not available in many languages -- morphological tagging is no exception. In the work presented here, we explore a transfer learning scheme, whereby we train character-level recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ryan Cotterell , Georg Heigold

Recent neural machine translation (NMT) systems have been greatly improved by encoder-decoder models with attention mechanisms and sub-word units. However, important differences between languages with logographic and alphabetic writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Longtu Zhang , Mamoru Komachi

Translation into morphologically-rich languages challenges neural machine translation (NMT) models with extremely sparse vocabularies where atomic treatment of surface forms is unrealistic. This problem is typically addressed by either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Duygu Ataman , Wilker Aziz , Alexandra Birch
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