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The locality of words is a relatively young structural complexity measure, introduced by Day et al. in 2017 in order to define classes of patterns with variables which can be matched in polynomial time. The main tool used to compute the…
Balliu et al. (DISC 2020) classified the hardness of solving binary labeling problems with distributed graph algorithms; in these problems the task is to select a subset of edges in a $2$-colored tree in which white nodes of degree $d$ and…
Covering arrays for words of length $t$ over a $d$ letter alphabet are $k \times n$ arrays with entries from the alphabet so that for each choice of $t$ columns, each of the $d^t$ $t$-letter words appears at least once among the rows of the…
Based on an exact trace formula for a one-dimensional ray-splitting system, we derive novel combinatorial identities for cyclic binary sequences (P\'olya necklaces).
When flipping a fair coin, let $W = L_1L_2...L_N$ with $L_i\in\{H,T\}$ be a binary word of length $N=2$ or $N=3$. In this paper, we establish second- and third-order linear recurrence relations and their generating functions to discuss the…
This paper deals with algorithms for producing and ordering lexical and nonlexical sequences of a given degree. The notion of "elementary operations" on positive integral sequences is introduced. Our main theorem answers the question of…
Combination locks are widely used to secure bicycles. We consider a combination lock consisting of adjacent rotating dials with the first nonnegative integers printed on each of them. Assuming that we know the correct combination and we…
Complex networks have emerged as a simple yet powerful framework to represent and analyze a wide range of complex systems. The problem of ranking the nodes and the edges in complex networks is critical for a broad range of real-world…
We introduce the zip tree, a form of randomized binary search tree that integrates previous ideas into one practical, performant, and pleasant-to-implement package. A zip tree is a binary search tree in which each node has a numeric rank…
Knots and links are interpreted as homotopy classes of nanowords and nanophrases in an alphabet consisting of 4 letters. Similar results hold for curves on surfaces. We also discuss versions of the Jones link polynomial and the link…
A rank-select index for a sequence $B=(b_1,\ldots,b_n)$ of $n$ bits is a data structure that, if provided with an operation to access $\Theta(\log n)$ arbitrary consecutive bits of $B$ in constant time (thus $B$ is stored outside of the…
We propose a new data mining approach in ranking documents based on the concept of cone-based generalized inequalities between vectors. A partial ordering between two vectors is made with respect to a proper cone and thus learning the…
The monomial basis for polynomials in N variables is labeled by compositions. To each composition there is associated a hook-length product, which is a product of linear functions of a parameter. The zeroes of this product are related to…
Closeness centrality is one way of measuring how central a node is in the given network. The closeness centrality measure assigns a centrality value to each node based on its accessibility to the whole network. In real life applications, we…
This paper examines the problem of ranking a collection of objects using pairwise comparisons (rankings of two objects). In general, the ranking of $n$ objects can be identified by standard sorting methods using $n log_2 n$ pairwise…
The rings $Z_{4}+\nu Z_{4}$ have been classified into chain rings and non-chain rings on the basis of the values of $\nu^{2} \in Z_{4}+\nu Z_{4}.$ In this paper, the structure of cyclic codes of arbitrary length over the rings $Z_{4}+\nu…
Bit retrieval is the problem of reconstructing a binary sequence from its periodic autocorrelation, with applications in cryptography and x-ray crystallography. After defining the problem, with and without noise, we describe and compare…
The card-cyclic-to-random shuffle is the card shuffle where the $n$ cards are labeled $1,\ldots,n$ according to their starting positions. Then the cards are mixed by first picking card $1$ from the deck and reinserting it at a uniformly…
Cyclic equalizability is a notion introduced by Shinagawa and Nuida in 2025, in the study of card-based cryptography. Informally, a collection of words is cyclically equalizable if, by inserting the same letters at the same positions in all…
We investigate the computational complexity of tensor rank, a concept that plays fundamental role in different topics of modern applied mathematics. For tensors over any integral domain, we prove that the rank problem is polynomial time…