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Large language models (LLMs) encounter computational challenges during long-sequence inference, especially in the attention pre-filling phase, where the complexity grows quadratically with the prompt length. Previous efforts to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xunhao Lai , Jianqiao Lu , Yao Luo , Yiyuan Ma , Xun Zhou

End-to-end models are favored in automatic speech recognition (ASR) because of their simplified system structure and superior performance. Among these models, Transformer and Conformer have achieved state-of-the-art recognition accuracy in…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Xiong Wang , Sining Sun , Lei Xie , Long Ma

Many recent models in software engineering introduced deep neural models based on the Transformer architecture or use transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) trained on code. Although these models achieve the state of the arts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Rishab Sharma , Fuxiang Chen , Fatemeh Fard , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in code-related tasks, yet many LLMs treat code as simple sequences, neglecting its structured nature. We introduce AST-T5, a novel pretraining paradigm that leverages the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Linyuan Gong , Mostafa Elhoushi , Alvin Cheung

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

Attention mechanisms have become ubiquitous in NLP. Recent architectures, notably the Transformer, learn powerful context-aware word representations through layered, multi-headed attention. The multiple heads learn diverse types of word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Gonçalo M. Correia , Vlad Niculae , André F. T. Martins

The development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized automated code generation. However, their high demand of computation resources has hindered a broader deployment and raised environmental concerns. A common strategy for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xiangyu Zhang , Yu Zhou , Guang Yang , Harald C. Gall , Taolue Chen

Sparse attention as a efficient method can significantly decrease the computation cost, but current sparse attention tend to rely on window self attention which block the global information flow. For this problem, we present Shifted Cross…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuxiang Guo

The attention mechanisms of transformers effectively extract pertinent information from the input sequence. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention w.r.t the sequence length incurs heavy computational and memory burdens,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Guan Shen , Jieru Zhao , Quan Chen , Jingwen Leng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Sequence parallelism (SP) serves as a prevalent strategy to handle long sequences that exceed the memory limit of a single device. However, for linear sequence modeling methods like linear attention, existing SP approaches do not take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Weigao Sun , Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Yu Qiao , Yiran Zhong

The pixel-wise dense prediction tasks based on weakly supervisions currently use Class Attention Maps (CAM) to generate pseudo masks as ground-truth. However, the existing methods typically depend on the painstaking training modules, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Yanpeng Sun , Zechao Li

Transformer structures have been widely used in sequential recommender systems (SRS). However, as user interaction histories increase, computational time and memory requirements also grow. This is mainly caused by the standard attention…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mengyang Ma , Xiaopeng Li , Wanyu Wang , Zhaocheng Du , Jingtong Gao , Pengyue Jia , Yuyang Ye , Yiqi Wang , Yunpeng Weng , Weihong Luo , Xiao Han , Xiangyu Zhao

While Transformer architectures have demonstrated impressive scalability across domains, they continue to face challenges in long-context reasoning, computational efficiency, and structural generalization - largely due to rigid layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Haochen You , Baojing Liu

Recently, sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising technique for interpreting activations in foundation models by disentangling features into a sparse set of concepts. However, identifying the optimal level of sparsity for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongsheng Wang , Jinsen Zhang , Dawei Su , Hui Huang

Modeling ultra-long user behavior sequences is pivotal for capturing evolving and lifelong interests in modern recommendation systems. However, deploying such models in real-time industrial environments faces a strict "Latency Wall",…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Tianhe Lin , Ziwei Xiong , Baoyuan Ou , Yingjie Qin , Lai Xu , Xiaocheng Zhong , Yao Hu , Zhiyong Wang , Tao Zhou , Yubin Xu , Di Wu

Foundation models, now powering most of the exciting applications in deep learning, are almost universally based on the Transformer architecture and its core attention module. Many subquadratic-time architectures such as linear attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Albert Gu , Tri Dao

Inference with Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) on long sequences is both costly and slow due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism. We introduce Star Attention, a two-phase block-sparse approximation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shantanu Acharya , Fei Jia , Boris Ginsburg

Dense large language models(LLMs) face critical efficiency bottlenecks as they rigidly activate all parameters regardless of input complexity. While existing sparsity methods(static pruning or dynamic activation) address this partially,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yiheng Yang , Yujie Wang , Chi Ma , Lei Yu , Emmanuele Chersoni , Chu-Ren Huang

Self-attention based Transformer has demonstrated the state-of-the-art performances in a number of natural language processing tasks. Self-attention is able to model long-term dependencies, but it may suffer from the extraction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Guangxiang Zhao , Junyang Lin , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Ren , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Attention mechanisms, which enable a neural network to accurately focus on all the relevant elements of the input, have become an essential component to improve the performance of deep neural networks. There are mainly two attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Qing-Long Zhang Yu-Bin Yang