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X-ray as well as electron diffraction are powerful tools for structure determination of molecules. Studies on randomly oriented molecules in the gas-phase address cases in which molecular crystals cannot be generated or the interaction-free…

The solution for the radial distribution of pressure, density, temperature and flow velocity fields in a blast wave propagating through a medium at rest, following an intense explosion, starting from hydrodynamic equations, is one of the…

We consider a three dimensional system consisting of a large number of small spherical particles, distributed in a range of sizes and heights (with uniform distribution in the horizontal direction). Particles move vertically at a…

Machine learning (ML) methods provide advanced means for understanding inherent patterns within large and complex datasets. Here, we employ the principal component analysis (PCA) and the diffusion map (DM) techniques to evaluate the glass…

We present the results of a series of calculations studying the collapse of molecular cloud cores performed using a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydr odynamics code with radiative transfer in the flux-limited diffusion approximation.…

We compute, including a current state-of-the-art treatment of hydrodynamical processes, heating and cooling, a variety of cosmological models into the extreme nonlinear phase to enable comparisons with observations. First, we note the…

In Stochastic Thermodynamics, heat is a random variable with a probability distribution associated. Studies of the distribution of heat are mostly in the overdamped regime and in one dimension. Here we solve the heat distribution in the…

Populations of heterogeneous cells play an important role in many biological systems. In this paper we consider systems where each cell can be modelled by an ordinary differential equation. To account for heterogeneity, parameter values are…

Complex organic molecules serve as indicators of molecular diversity. Their detection on comets, planets, and moons has prompted inquiries into their origins, particularly the conditions conducive to their formation. One hypothesis suggests…

A simple model which can explain the observed vertical distribution and size spectrum of atmospheric aerosol has been proposed. The model is based on a new physical hypothesis for the vertical mass exchange between the troposphere and the…

Computational modelling of diffusion in heterogeneous media is prohibitively expensive for problems with fine-scale heterogeneities. A common strategy for resolving this issue is to decompose the domain into a number of non-overlapping…

We investigate the roles of stochastic grain heating in the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) in cold cores, where COMs have been detected. Two different types of grain-size distributions are used in the chemical models. The…

As observers of the universe we are physical systems within it. If the universe is very large in space and/or time, the probability becomes significant that the data on which we base predictions is replicated at other locations in…

Chemical reactions on metal surfaces are important in various processes such as heterogeneous catalysis and nanostructure growth. At moderate or lower temperatures, these reactions generally follow the minimum energy path and temperature…

Biological cells and synthetic analogues use liquid-liquid phase separation to dynamically compartmentalize their environment for various applications. In many cases, multiple droplets need to coexist, and their size needs to be controlled,…

Resolving physical and chemical structures in the vicinity of a protostar is of fundamental importance for elucidating their evolution to a planetary system. In this context, we have conducted 1.2 mm observations toward the low-mass…

Context: Diffusion of species on the dust surface is a key process for determining the chemical composition of interstellar ices. On the dust surface, adsorbed species diffuse from one potential well to another and react with other adsorbed…

Despite its importance in geological sciences, our understanding of interactions between gas and condensed phases (comprising solids and liquids) remains clouded by the fact that, often, only indirect evidence remains for their occurrence.…

Probabilistic relationships between the mass and radius of planets are useful for a variety of purposes, including estimating the yields of planet discovery efforts and the radii of discovered planets given their masses. Previous work on…

Thanks to the advances in modern instrumentation we have learned about many exoplanets that span a wide range of masses and composition. Studying their atmospheres provides insight into planetary origin, evolution, dynamics, and…