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The construction of black hole spacetimes that are regular (singularity-free) is plagued by the "mass inflation" instability, a classical perturbation instability induced by the surface gravity at the inner horizon and characterized by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-27 Tyler McMaken

Mass inflation is a phenomenon happened in the vicinity of inner horizon in two-horizon spacetime. It is shown that the mass of initially small perturbations will grow exponentially as they approach the inner horizon. This implies that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-07 Changjun Gao , Toktarbay Saken

Black holes encountered in general relativity are characterized by spacetime singularities hidden within an event horizon. These singularities provide a key motivation to go beyond general relativity and look for regular black holes where…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-18 Alfio Bonanno , Frank Saueressig

Recently it was shown that essentially all regular black hole models constructed so far can be obtained as solutions of vacuum gravity equations, upon considering an infinite series of quasi-topological higher curvature corrections. Here we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-31 Francesco Di Filippo , Ivan Kolář , David Kubiznak

Regular black holes are generically unstable because of the classical phenomenon that goes by the name of "mass inflation" which destabilizes the inner horizon. In a recent article, [Phys.Rev.D~107~(2023)~2,~024005], it is argued that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-04 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Francesco Di Filippo , Stefano Liberati , Costantino Pacilio , Matt Visser

Unlike generic models of regular black holes (BHs) with nonzero surface gravity on both Cauchy and event horizons, an inner-degenerate counterpart with zero Cauchy horizon surface gravity was recently proposed. For this regular BH solution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-30 Mohsen Khodadi , Javad T. Firouzjaee

Non-singular black hole geometries typically come with two spacetime horizons: an (outer) event horizon and an (inner) Cauchy horizon. This nurtures the speculation that they may be subject to a mass-inflation effect which renders the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-18 Alfio Bonanno , Amir-Pouyan Khosravi , Frank Saueressig

Regular black holes with nonsingular cores have been considered in several approaches to quantum gravity, and as agnostic frameworks to address the singularity problem and Hawking's information paradox. While in a recent work we argued that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Francesco Di Filippo , Stefano Liberati , Costantino Pacilio , Matt Visser

Regular black holes represent a conservative model in which the classical singularity is replaced by a non-singular core without necessarily modifying the spacetime outside the trapping horizon. Given the possible lack of phenomenological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-29 Francesco Di Filippo , Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Stefano Liberati , Costantino Pacilio , Matt Visser

Mass inflation is a well established instability, conventionally associated to Cauchy horizons (which are also inner trapping horizons) of stationary geometries, leading to a divergent exponential buildup of energy. We show here that finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Francesco Di Filippo , Stefano Liberati , Matt Visser

We derive regular black-hole solutions, including the Hayward metric, from four-dimensional action principles involving vector fields in addition to the metric. These black holes possess additional hair associated with the vector fields,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-30 Astrid Eichhorn , Pedro G. S. Fernandes

We present a rotating regular black hole whose inner horizon has zero surface gravity for any value of the spin parameter, and is therefore stable against mass inflation. Our metric is built by combining two successful strategies for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-08 Edgardo Franzin , Stefano Liberati , Jacopo Mazza , Vania Vellucci

We construct a static spherically symmetric regular black hole with a Minkowski core, and a degenerate inner horizon with vanishing surface gravity. The spacetime contains a non-extremal outer horizon and exhibits two notable features.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-18 Zhong-Wen Feng , Hong-Lin Liu , Yi Ling , Qing-Quan Jiang

We analyse the geometry of a spherically symmetric black hole with an inner and outer apparent horizon which is perturbed by spherical null shells of matter. On a classical level we observe that the mass inflation instability is triggered,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-14 Carlos Barceló , Valentin Boyanov , Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Luis J. Garay

We investigate the phenomenon of mass inflation in the interior of regular black holes arising in quasitopological gravity (QTG). These geometries are characterized by a bounded curvature core and the presence of an inner (Cauchy) horizon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-06 Valeri P. Frolov , Andrei Zelnikov

The mass inflation phenomenon implies that black hole interiors are unstable due to a back-reaction divergence of the perturbed black hole mass function at the Cauchy horizon. Weak point in the standard mass inflation calculations is in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-05 Vyacheslav I. Dokuchaev

Gravitational perturbations which are present in any realistic stellar collapse to a black hole, die off in the exterior of the hole, but experience an infinite blueshift in the interior. This is believed to lead to a slowly contracting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 S. Droz

The strong cosmic censorship conjecture, which states that the evolution of generic initial data will always produce a globally hyperbolic spacetime, is hard to be tested by astronomical observations. In this paper, we study the appearance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Li-Ming Cao , Long-Yue Li , Xia-Yuan Liu , Yu-Sen Zhou

Stationary black hole geometries with non-degenerate Cauchy horizons are classically unstable due to mass inflation. At extremality, mass inflation is absent, but a different dynamical instability arises: the Aretakis instability. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-17 Shreyansh Agrawal , Panagiotis Charalambous , Laura Donnay , Stefano Liberati , Giulio Neri

We derive a class of inner-extremal regular black hole solutions characterized by a degenerate inner horizon. These geometries arise as polymerized vacuum configurations inspired by loop quantum gravity and constitute effective…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-01 Hongguang Liu , Ioannis Soranidis
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