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Order-Agnostic autoregressive models have demonstrated strong performance in deep generative modeling, yet their use in settings with incomplete data remains largely unexplored. In this work, we reinterpret them through the lens of missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ignacio Peis , Pablo M. Olmos , Jes Frellsen

Autoregressive models (ARMs) have become the workhorse for sequence generation tasks, since many problems can be modeled as next-token prediction. While there appears to be a natural ordering for text (i.e., left-to-right), for many data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhe Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Nicolas Heess , Arthur Gretton , Michalis K. Titsias

Diffusion language models enable any-order generation and bidirectional conditioning, offering appealing flexibility for tasks such as infilling, rewriting, and self-correction. However, their formulation-predicting one part of a sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tianqi Du , Lizhe Fang , Weijie Yang , Chenheng Zhang , Zeming Wei , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Autoregressive models (ARMs) currently hold state-of-the-art performance in likelihood-based modeling of image and audio data. Generally, neural network based ARMs are designed to allow fast inference, but sampling from these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Auke Wiggers , Emiel Hoogeboom

Large language and music models are increasingly used for constrained generation: rhyming lines, fixed meter, inpainting or infilling, positional endings, and other global form requirements. These systems often perform strikingly well, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Francois Pachet , Pierre Roy

Ordinal measurements are common outcomes in studies within psychology, as well as in the social and behavioral sciences. Choosing an appropriate regression model for analysing such data poses a difficult task. This paper aims to facilitate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Stefan Inerle , Markus Pauly , Moritz Berger

A fundamental assumption of most machine learning algorithms is that the training and test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. However, this assumption is violated in almost all practical applications: machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Marvin Zhang , Henrik Marklund , Nikita Dhawan , Abhishek Gupta , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

We introduce Autoregressive Diffusion Models (ARDMs), a model class encompassing and generalizing order-agnostic autoregressive models (Uria et al., 2014) and absorbing discrete diffusion (Austin et al., 2021), which we show are special…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Emiel Hoogeboom , Alexey A. Gritsenko , Jasmijn Bastings , Ben Poole , Rianne van den Berg , Tim Salimans

Autoregressive generative models are commonly used, especially for those tasks involving sequential data. They have, however, been plagued by a slew of inherent flaws due to the intrinsic characteristics of chain-style conditional modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yezhen Wang , Tong Che , Bo Li , Kaitao Song , Hengzhi Pei , Yoshua Bengio , Dongsheng Li

Autoregressive models use chain rule to define a joint probability distribution as a product of conditionals. These conditionals need to be normalized, imposing constraints on the functional families that can be used. To increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Chenlin Meng , Lantao Yu , Yang Song , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Neural autoregressive models are explicit density estimators that achieve state-of-the-art likelihoods for generative modeling. The D-dimensional data distribution is factorized into an autoregressive product of one-dimensional conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Maxime Voisin , Daniel Ritchie

This paper considers nonparametric estimation and inference in first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) models with deterministically time-varying parameters. A key feature of the proposed approach is to allow for time-varying stationarity in…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-04 Donald W. K. Andrews , Ming Li

In recent years, masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative approach for generative modeling over discrete domains. Compared to autoregressive models (ARMs), MDMs trade off complexity at training time with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jaeyeon Kim , Kulin Shah , Vasilis Kontonis , Sham Kakade , Sitan Chen

Any-order autoregressive models (AO-ARMs) offer a promising path toward efficient masked diffusion by enabling native key-value caching, but competitive performance has so far required two-stream attention, typically motivated as a means of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Patrick Pynadath , Ruqi Zhang

Autoregressive language models (ARMs) suffer from the reversal curse: after learning ''$A$ is $B$,'' they often fail on the reverse query ''$B$ is $A$.'' Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) exhibit this failure in a much weaker form,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Moongyu Jeon , Sangwoo Shin , BumJun Kim , Kyelim Lee , Albert No

Learning models that are robust to distribution shifts is a key concern in the context of their real-life applicability. Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) is a popular framework that aims to learn robust models from multiple environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Moulik Choraria , Ibtihal Ferwana , Ankur Mani , Lav R. Varshney

Undirected graphical models are compact representations of joint probability distributions over random variables. To solve inference tasks of interest, graphical models of arbitrary topology can be trained using empirical risk minimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Adarsh K. Jeewajee , Leslie P. Kaelbling

Off-policy reinforcement learning algorithms promise to be applicable in settings where only a fixed data-set (batch) of environment interactions is available and no new experience can be acquired. This property makes these algorithms…

Generative recommendation has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for sequential recommendation. It formulates the task as an autoregressive generation process, predicting tokens of the next item conditioned on user interaction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuanqing Yu , Yifan Wang , Weizhi Ma , Zhiqiang Guo , Min Zhang

Deep neural networks are a family of computational models that are naturally suited to the analysis of hierarchical data such as, for instance, sequential data with the use of recurrent neural networks. In the other hand, ordinal regression…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Louis Falissard , Karim Bounebache , Grégoire Rey
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