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Variational quantum algorithms is one of the most representative algorithms in quantum computing, which has a wide range of applications in quantum machine learning, quantum simulation and other related fields. However, they face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Xiao Shi , Yun Shang

Quantum computers offer a promising route to tackling problems that are classically intractable such as in prime-factorization, solving large-scale linear algebra and simulating complex quantum systems, but potentially require…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are becoming the primary computational primitive for next-generation quantum computers, particularly those embedded as resource-constrained accelerators in the emerging Quantum Internet of Things…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen

In the search for quantum advantage with near-term quantum devices, navigating the optimization landscape is significantly hampered by the barren plateaus phenomenon. This study presents a strategy to overcome this obstacle without changing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuhan Yao , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We study an adiabatic variant of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) in which VQE is performed iteratively for a sequence of Hamiltonians along an adiabatic path. We derive the conditions under which gradient-based optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Bojan Žunkovič , Marco Ballarin , Lewis Wright , Michael Lubasch

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) and Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models train a parametrized quantum circuit to solve a given learning task. The success of these algorithms greatly hinges on appropriately choosing an ansatz for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Lorenzo Leone , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are a modern family of quantum algorithms designed to solve optimization problems using a quantum computer. Typically VQAs rely on a feedback loop between the quantum device and a classical optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Alexey Uvarov

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising pathway toward achieving practical quantum advantage on near-term hardware. Despite this promise, for generic, expressive ans\"atze, their scalability is critically hindered by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Chenfeng Cao , Yeqing Zhou , Swamit Tannu , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as pivotal strategies for attaining quantum advantage in diverse scientific and technological domains, notably within Quantum Neural Networks. However, despite their potential, VQAs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Lucas Friedrich , Tiago de Souza Farias , Jonas Maziero

Variational quantum algorithms, which combine highly expressive parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and optimization techniques in machine learning, are one of the most promising applications of a near-term quantum computer. Despite their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Chae-Yeun Park , Nathan Killoran

The task of learning a quantum circuit to prepare a given mixed state is a fundamental quantum subroutine. We present a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) to learn mixed states which is suitable for near-term hardware. Our algorithm…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are prominent candidates for near-term quantum advantage but lack rigorous guarantees of convergence and generalization. By contrast, quantum phase estimation (QPE) provides provable performance under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Tuyen Nguyen , Mária Kieferová

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability: deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus, while shallow circuits remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Shaojun Wu , Shan Jin , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are critically threatened by the Barren Plateau (BP) phenomenon. In this work, we introduce the H-EFT Variational Ansatz (H-EFT-VA), an architecture inspired by Effective Field Theory (EFT). By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Eyad I. B Hamid

Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) represent a promising approach to computing molecular ground states and energies on modern quantum computers. These approaches use a classical computer to optimize the parameters of a trial wave…

The barren plateau phenomenon; where cost function gradients vanish exponentially with system size; remains a fundamental obstacle to training variational quantum circuits (VQCs) at scale. We demonstrate, both theoretically and numerically,…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for low-lying eigenstates calculation on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Specifically, VQE has achieved great success for ground state…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Hengzhun Chen , Yingzhou Li , Bichen Lu , Jianfeng Lu

Quantum architecture search (QAS) involves optimizing both the quantum parametric circuit configuration but also its parameters for a variational quantum algorithm. Thus, the problem is known to be multi-level as the performance of a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Vicente P. Soloviev , Vedran Dunjko , Concha Bielza , Pedro Larrañaga , Hao Wang

Barren plateaus are a notorious problem in the optimization of variational quantum algorithms and pose a critical obstacle in the quest for more efficient quantum machine learning algorithms. Many potential reasons for barren plateaus have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms have been proposed as a potentially viable application of quantum computers. A particular example - the variational quantum eigensolver, or VQE - is designed to determine a global minimum in an energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Alexey Uvarov , Jacob Biamonte , Dmitry Yudin