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Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a class of black-box, surrogate-based heuristics that can efficiently optimize problems that are expensive to evaluate, and hence admit only small evaluation budgets. BO is particularly popular for solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Maria Laura Santoni , Elena Raponi , Renato De Leone , Carola Doerr

The domain of an optimization problem is seen as one of its most important characteristics. In particular, the distinction between continuous and discrete optimization is rather impactful. Based on this, the optimizing algorithm, analyzing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-27 André Thomaser , Jacob de Nobel , Diederick Vermetten , Furong Ye , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

Hyperparameters of deep neural networks are often optimized by grid search, random search or Bayesian optimization. As an alternative, we propose to use the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), which is known for its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Ilya Loshchilov , Frank Hutter

Many real-time systems require the optimization of discrete variables. Black-box optimization (BBO) algorithms and multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms perform optimization by repeatedly taking actions and observing the corresponding instant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tomoya Kashimata , Yohei Hamakawa , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura

In this study, we consider a continuous min--max optimization problem $\min_{x \in \mathbb{X} \max_{y \in \mathbb{Y}}}f(x,y)$ whose objective function is a black-box. We propose a novel approach to minimize the worst-case objective function…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Atsuhiro Miyagi , Yoshiki Miyauchi , Atsuo Maki , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma , Youhei Akimoto

In discrete-variable black-box optimization, the number of candidate solutions grows combinatorially, while each evaluation is often expensive. Therefore, it is important to identify promising solutions efficiently within a limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki

Bilevel optimization is a field of significant theoretical and practical interest, yet solving such optimization problems remains challenging. Evolutionary methods have been employed to address these problems in the black-box setting;…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Marc Ong , Youhei Akimoto

Black-box optimization is a powerful approach for discovering global optima in noisy and expensive black-box functions, a problem widely encountered in real-world scenarios. Recently, there has been a growing interest in leveraging domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dat Phan-Trong , Hung The Tran , Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta

The covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is one of the most successful methods for solving black-box continuous optimization problems. One practically useful aspect of the CMA-ES is that it can be used without…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Masahiro Nomura , Youhei Akimoto , Isao Ono

We propose a computationally efficient limited memory Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy for large scale optimization, which we call the LM-CMA-ES. The LM-CMA-ES is a stochastic, derivative-free algorithm for numerical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-04-23 Ilya Loshchilov

This paper investigates the control of an ML component within the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) devoted to black-box optimization. The known CMA-ES weakness is its sample complexity, the number of evaluations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Ilya Loshchilov , Marc Schoenauer , Michèle Sebag

In several real-world applications in medical and control engineering, there are unsafe solutions whose evaluations involve inherent risk. This optimization setting is known as safe optimization and formulated as a specialized type of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Kento Uchida , Ryoki Hamano , Masahiro Nomura , Shota Saito , Shinichi Shirakawa

Molecular property optimization (MPO) problems are inherently challenging since they are formulated over discrete, unstructured spaces and the labeling process involves expensive simulations or experiments, which fundamentally limits the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-04 Farshud Sorourifar , Thomas Banker , Joel A. Paulson

We present the results of a comprehensive study of optimization algorithms for the calibration of quantum devices. As part of our ongoing efforts to automate bring-up, tune-up, and system identification procedures, we investigate a broad…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Kevin Pack , Shai Machnes , Frank K. Wilhelm

We propose a novel constraint-handling technique for the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The proposed technique is aimed at solving explicitly constrained black-box continuous optimization problems, in which the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Naoki Sakamoto , Youhei Akimoto

The limited memory BFGS method (L-BFGS) of Liu and Nocedal (1989) is often considered to be the method of choice for continuous optimization when first- and/or second- order information is available. However, the use of L-BFGS can be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Ilya Loshchilov

Black-box optimization has potential in numerous applications such as hyperparameter optimization in machine learning and optimization in design of experiments. Ising machines are useful for binary optimization problems because variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yuya Seki , Ryo Tamura , Shu Tanaka

Several researchers have proposed minimisation of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a method to quantise probability measures, i.e., to approximate a target distribution by a representative point set. We consider sequential algorithms that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-15 Onur Teymur , Jackson Gorham , Marina Riabiz , Chris. J. Oates

Experimental robot optimization often requires evaluating each candidate policy for seconds to minutes. The chosen evaluation time influences optimization because of a speed-accuracy tradeoff: shorter evaluations enable faster iteration,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Russell M. Martin , Steven H. Collins

When gradient-based methods are impractical, black-box optimization (BBO) provides a valuable alternative. However, BBO often struggles with high-dimensional problems and limited trial budgets. In this work, we propose a novel approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Riccardo Busetto , Manas Mejari , Marco Forgione , Alberto Bemporad , Dario Piga