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Continual learning is an online paradigm where a learner continually accumulates knowledge from different tasks encountered over sequential time steps. Importantly, the learner is required to extend and update its knowledge without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Tameem Adel

Continual learning is a promising machine learning paradigm to learn new tasks while retaining previously learned knowledge over streaming training data. Till now, rehearsal-based methods, keeping a small part of data from old tasks as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Quanziang Wang , Renzhen Wang , Yuexiang Li , Dong Wei , Kai Ma , Yefeng Zheng , Deyu Meng

The Backprop algorithm for learning in neural networks utilizes two mechanisms: first, stochastic gradient descent and second, initialization with small random weights, where the latter is essential to the effectiveness of the former. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shibhansh Dohare , Richard S. Sutton , A. Rupam Mahmood

Early-exiting neural networks enable adaptive inference by allowing inputs to exit at intermediate classifiers, reducing computation for easy samples while maintaining high accuracy. In practice, exits can be trained sequentially by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Alaa Zniber , Ouassim Karrakchou , Mounir Ghogho

A key challenge for machine intelligence is to learn new visual concepts without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge. Continual learning is aimed towards addressing this challenge. However, there is a gap between existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yan Luo , Yongkang Wong , Mohan Kankanhalli , Qi Zhao

Replaying past experiences has proven to be a highly effective approach for averting catastrophic forgetting in supervised continual learning. However, some crucial factors are still largely ignored, making it vulnerable to serious failure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tiantian Zhang , Kevin Zehua Shen , Zichuan Lin , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Xiu Li , Deheng Ye

A human brain is capable of continual learning by nature; however the current mainstream deep neural networks suffer from a phenomenon named catastrophic forgetting (i.e., learning a new set of patterns suddenly and completely would result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Zhenfeng Cao

Catastrophic forgetting is the notorious vulnerability of neural networks to the change of the data distribution while learning. This phenomenon has long been considered a major obstacle for allowing the use of learning agents in realistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-13 Chen Zeno , Itay Golan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Continual learning is inherently a constrained learning problem. The goal is to learn a predictor under a no-forgetting requirement. Although several prior studies formulate it as such, they do not solve the constrained problem explicitly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Juan Elenter , Navid NaderiAlizadeh , Tara Javidi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Standard evaluations of Bayesian deep learning methods assume that metric estimates are reliable, but we show this assumption fails under data scarcity. Method rankings are not only unreliable at small $n$, but also dataset-dependent in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qishi Zhan , Minxuan Hu , Guansu Wang , Jiaxin Liu , Liang He

A persistent paradox in continual learning (CL) is that neural networks often retain linearly separable representations of past tasks even when their output predictions fail. We formalize this distinction as the gap between deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Giulia Lanzillotta , Damiano Meier , Thomas Hofmann

Continual learning approaches help deep neural network models adapt and learn incrementally by trying to solve catastrophic forgetting. However, whether these existing approaches, applied traditionally to image-based tasks, work with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Young D. Kwon , Jagmohan Chauhan , Abhishek Kumar , Pan Hui , Cecilia Mascolo

Catastrophic forgetting has been the leading issue in the domain of lifelong learning in artificial systems. Current artificial systems are reasonably good at learning domains they have seen before; however, as soon as they encounter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Ram Zaveri

Continual Learning requires the model to learn from a stream of dynamic, non-stationary data without forgetting previous knowledge. Several approaches have been developed in the literature to tackle the Continual Learning challenge. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Gabriele Merlin , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Modern deep learning science often assumes that neural networks learn from a fixed data distribution. However, many practically important learning problems involve data distributions that change throughout training. How does such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Afiq Abdillah Effiezal Aswadi , Oliver Britton , Ross Baker , Matthew Farrugia-Roberts

Despite the numerous advances, reinforcement learning remains away from widespread acceptance for autonomous controller design as compared to classical methods due to lack of ability to effectively tackle the reality gap. The reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Narendra Patwardhan , Zequn Wang

Learning systems are typically optimized by minimizing loss or maximizing reward, assuming that improvements in these signals reflect progress toward the true objective. However, when feedback reliability is unobservable, this assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhipeng Zhang , Zhenjie Yao , Kai Li , Lei Yang

We introduce a new training paradigm that enforces interval constraints on neural network parameter space to control forgetting. Contemporary Continual Learning (CL) methods focus on training neural networks efficiently from a stream of…

Continual learning of a stream of tasks is an active area in deep neural networks. The main challenge investigated has been the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting or interference of newly acquired knowledge with knowledge from previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Diana Benavides-Prado , Patricia Riddle

Continual Learning trains models on a stream of data, with the aim of learning new information without forgetting previous knowledge. Given the dynamic nature of such environments, explaining the predictions of these models can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Andrea Cossu , Francesco Spinnato , Riccardo Guidotti , Davide Bacciu
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