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Related papers: Understanding Metrics for Paraphrasing

200 papers

With the growth of interpreting technologies, from remote interpreting and Computer-Aided Interpreting to automated speech translation and interpreting avatars, there is now a high demand for ways to quickly and efficiently measure the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jonathan Downie , Joss Moorkens

Question Generation (QG) aims to automate the task of composing questions for a passage with a set of chosen answers found within the passage. In recent years, the introduction of neural generation models has resulted in substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Tianbo Ji , Chenyang Lyu , Gareth Jones , Liting Zhou , Yvette Graham

Natural Language Generation (NLG) evaluation is a multifaceted task requiring assessment of multiple desirable criteria, e.g., fluency, coherency, coverage, relevance, adequacy, overall quality, etc. Across existing datasets for 6 NLG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ananya B. Sai , Tanay Dixit , Dev Yashpal Sheth , Sreyas Mohan , Mitesh M. Khapra

This article introduces semantically meaningful causal language modeling (SMCLM), a selfsupervised method of training autoregressive models to generate semantically equivalent text. Our approach involves using semantically meaningful text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michał Perełkiewicz , Sławomir Dadas , Rafał Poświata

Recent advances in deep neural language models combined with the capacity of large scale datasets have accelerated the development of natural language generation systems that produce fluent and coherent texts (to various degrees of success)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Cristina Garbacea , Qiaozhu Mei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance at zero-shot generation of abstractive summaries for given articles. However, little is known about the robustness of such a process of zero-shot summarization. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hadi Askari , Anshuman Chhabra , Muhao Chen , Prasant Mohapatra

Many natural language processing applications use language models to generate text. These models are typically trained to predict the next word in a sequence, given the previous words and some context such as an image. However, at test time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Sumit Chopra , Michael Auli , Wojciech Zaremba

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate text by transferring style attributes like formality resulting in formal or informal text. However, instructing LLMs to generate text that when spoken, is more intelligible in an acoustically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Anupama Chingacham , Miaoran Zhang , Vera Demberg , Dietrich Klakow

The rapid growth of academic literature makes the manual creation of scientific surveys increasingly infeasible. While large language models show promise for automating this process, progress in this area is hindered by the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Weihang Su , Anzhe Xie , Qingyao Ai , Jianming Long , Xuanyi Chen , Jiaxin Mao , Ziyi Ye , Yiqun Liu

The process of meaning composition, wherein smaller units like morphemes or words combine to form the meaning of phrases and sentences, is essential for human sentence comprehension. Despite extensive neurolinguistic research into the brain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Changjiang Gao , Jixing Li , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Effective summarisation evaluation metrics enable researchers and practitioners to compare different summarisation systems efficiently. Estimating the effectiveness of an automatic evaluation metric, termed meta-evaluation, is a critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiang Dai , Sarvnaz Karimi , Biaoyan Fang

Reference-based metrics such as ROUGE or BERTScore evaluate the content quality of a summary by comparing the summary to a reference. Ideally, this comparison should measure the summary's information quality by calculating how much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Daniel Deutsch , Dan Roth

A robust evaluation metric has a profound impact on the development of text generation systems. A desirable metric compares system output against references based on their semantics rather than surface forms. In this paper we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wei Zhao , Maxime Peyrard , Fei Liu , Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Steffen Eger

We conduct a large-scale, systematic study to evaluate the existing evaluation methods for natural language generation in the context of generating online product reviews. We compare human-based evaluators with a variety of automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Cristina Garbacea , Samuel Carton , Shiyan Yan , Qiaozhu Mei

While neural language models can generate text with remarkable fluency and coherence, controlling for factual correctness in generation remains an open research question. This major discrepancy between the surface-level fluency and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Saadia Gabriel , Asli Celikyilmaz , Rahul Jha , Yejin Choi , Jianfeng Gao

The ability to revise in response to feedback is critical to students' writing success. In the case of argument writing in specific, identifying whether an argument revision (AR) is successful or not is a complex problem because AR quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Zhexiong Liu , Diane Litman , Elaine Wang , Lindsay Matsumura , Richard Correnti

Question answering (QA) systems are sensitive to the many different ways natural language expresses the same information need. In this paper we turn to paraphrases as a means of capturing this knowledge and present a general framework which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Li Dong , Jonathan Mallinson , Siva Reddy , Mirella Lapata

Most of the syntax-based metrics obtain the similarity by comparing the sub-structures extracted from the trees of hypothesis and reference. These sub-structures are defined by human and can't express all the information in the trees…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-07 Hui Yu , Xiaofeng Wu , Wenbin Jiang , Qun Liu , ShouXun Lin

Re-speaking is a mechanism for obtaining high quality subtitles for use in live broadcast and other public events. Because it relies on humans performing the actual re-speaking, the task of estimating the quality of the results is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Krzysztof Wołk , Danijel Koržinek

Automated evaluation of open domain natural language generation (NLG) models remains a challenge and widely used metrics such as BLEU and Perplexity can be misleading in some cases. In our paper, we propose to evaluate natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Wangchunshu Zhou , Ke Xu