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The evolution of protoplanetary discs embedded in stellar clusters depends on the age and the stellar density in which they are embedded. Stellar clusters of young age and high stellar surface density destroy protoplanetary discs by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

The core-accretion and disk instability models have so far been used to explain planetary formation. These models have different conditions, such as planet mass, disk mass, and metallicity for formation of gas giants. The core-accretion…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 T. Matsuo , H. Shibai , T. Ootsubo , M. Tamura

There are two planetary formation scenarios: core accretion and gravitational disk instability. Based on the fact that gaseous objects are preferentially observed around metal-rich host stars, most extra-solar gaseous objects discovered to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 Shohei Goda , Taro Matsuo

M dwarf stars are the most promising hosts for detection and characterization of small and potentially habitable planets, and provide leverage relative to solar-type stars to test models of planet formation and evolution. Using \emph{Gaia}…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-16 Eric Gaidos , Aleezah Ali , Adam L. Kraus , Jason F. Rowe

We present a systematic search for transiting giant planets ($0.6 R_{\rm J} \leq R_{\rm P} \leq 2.0 R_{\rm J}$) orbiting nearby low-mass stars ($M_{*} \leq 0.71 M_{\odot}$). The formation of giant planets around low-mass stars is predicted…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-15 Edward M Bryant , Daniel Bayliss , Vincent Van Eylen

The discovery of planets around massive stars is important for understanding how planet formation and evolution is conditioned by different stellar environments. However, current planetary search surveys have failed to detect planets around…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 E. Delgado Mena

Following the assumption that the disc substructures observed in protoplanetary discs originate from the interaction between the disc and the forming planets embedded therein, we aim to test if these putative planets could represent the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-13 Anastasia Tzouvanou , Bertram Bitsch , Gabriele Pichierri

In recent years a paradigm shift has occurred in exoplanet science, wherein low-mass stars are increasingly viewed as a foundational pillar of the search for potentially habitable worlds in the solar neighborhood. However, the formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Matthew S. Clement , Elisa V. Quintana , Billy L. Quarles

Radial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, which are…

The precision of radial velocity (RV) measurements to detect indirectly planetary companions of nearby stars has improved to enable the discovery of extrasolar planets in the Neptune and Super-Earth mass range. Discoveries of Earth-like…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael Endl , Martin Kuerster

Detection of Jupiter mass companions to nearby solar type stars with precise radial velocity measurements is now routine, and Doppler surveys are moving towards lower velocity amplitudes. The detection of several Neptune-mass planets with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Raman Narayan , Andrew Cumming , D. N. C. Lin

Most of our current knowledge on planet formation is still based on the analysis of main-sequence, solar-type stars. Conversely, detailed chemical studies of large samples of M-dwarf planet hosts are still missing. We develop for the first…

We present robust planet occurrence rates for Kepler planet candidates around M stars for planet radii $R_p = 0.5-4~\textrm{R}_\oplus$ and orbital periods $P = 0.5-256$ days using the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) technique. This…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-09 Danley C. Hsu , Eric B. Ford , Ryan Terrien

The system of two transiting Neptune-sized planets around the bright, young M-dwarf AU Mic provides a unique opportunity to test models of planet formation, early evolution, and star-planet interaction. However, the intense magnetic…

Recent detailed observations of protoplanetary discs revealed a lot of sub-structures which are mostly ring-like. One interpretation is that these rings are caused by growing planets. These potential planets are not yet opening very deep…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

Planet formation occurs over a few Myr within protoplanetary discs of dust and gas, which are often assumed to evolve in isolation. However, extended gaseous structures have been uncovered around many protoplanetary discs, suggestive of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-09 Andrew J. Winter , Myriam Benisty , Sean M. Andrews

We review recent theoretical progress aimed at understanding the formation and the early stages of evolution of giant planets, low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. Calculations coupling giant planet formation, within a modern version of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Chabrier , I. Baraffe , F. Selsis , T. Barman , P. Hennebelle , Y. Alibert

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for atmospheric characterization. We analyze the masses and radii…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-09 R. Luque , E. Pallé

Planet formation is inherently linked to protoplanetary disc evolution, which recent developments suggest is driven by magnetised winds rather than turbulent viscosity. We study planet formation in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wind-driven…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-07 Jesse Weder , Christoph Mordasini

According to the sequential accretion model, giant planet formation is based first on the formation of a solid core which, when massive enough, can gravitationally bind gas from the nebula to form the envelope. In order to trigger the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Fortier , Y. Alibert , F. Carron , W. Benz , K. -M. Dittkrist
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