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Gradient Descent (GD) has been proven effective in solving various matrix factorization problems. However, its optimization behavior with large initial values remains less understood. To address this gap, this paper presents a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Hengchao Chen , Xin Chen , Mohamad Elmasri , Qiang Sun

How does the choice of optimization algorithm shape a model's ability to learn features? To address this question for steepest descent methods --including sign descent, which is closely related to Adam --we introduce steepest mirror flows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tom Jacobs , Chao Zhou , Rebekka Burkholz

Modern policy optimization methods in reinforcement learning, such as TRPO and PPO, owe their success to the use of parameterized policies. However, while theoretical guarantees have been established for this class of algorithms, especially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-14 Carlo Alfano , Rui Yuan , Patrick Rebeschini

Smoothness is crucial for attaining fast rates in first-order optimization. However, many optimization problems in modern machine learning involve non-smooth objectives. Recent studies relax the smoothness assumption by allowing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Dingzhi Yu , Wei Jiang , Hongyi Tao , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

We consider the problem of simultaneously learning to linearly combine a very large number of kernels and learn a good predictor based on the learnt kernel. When the number of kernels $d$ to be combined is very large, multiple kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Arash Afkanpour , András György , Csaba Szepesvári , Michael Bowling

This paper is concerned with convergence analysis for the mirror descent (MD) method, a well-known algorithm in convex optimization. An analysis framework via integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) is constructed to analyze the convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-12 Mengmou Li , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

The gradient descent (GD) method -- is a fundamental and likely the most popular optimization algorithm in machine learning (ML), with a history traced back to a paper in 1847 (Cauchy, 1847). It was studied under various assumptions,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Aleksandr Lobanov , Alexander Gasnikov , Eduard Gorbunov , Martin Takáč

Learning-to-optimize is an emerging framework that seeks to speed up the solution of certain optimization problems by leveraging training data. Learned optimization solvers have been shown to outperform classical optimization algorithms in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Several works have aimed to explain why overparameterized neural networks generalize well when trained by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The consensus explanation that has emerged credits the randomized nature of SGD for the bias of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Shengchao Liu , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Dimitris Achlioptas

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Dmitrii Marin , Meng Tang , Ismail Ben Ayed , Yuri Boykov

Gradient descent (GD) is crucial for generalization in machine learning models, as it induces implicit regularization, promoting compact representations. In this work, we examine the role of GD in inducing implicit regularization for tensor…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Ziye Ma , Javad Lavaei , Somayeh Sojoudi

Mirror descent is an elegant optimization technique that leverages a dual space of parametric models to perform gradient descent. While originally developed for convex optimization, it has increasingly been applied in the field of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Hyungjoon Soh , Dongyeob Kim , Juno Hwang , Junghyo Jo

This paper rigorously shows how over-parameterization changes the convergence behaviors of gradient descent (GD) for the matrix sensing problem, where the goal is to recover an unknown low-rank ground-truth matrix from near-isotropic linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Nuoya Xiong , Lijun Ding , Simon S. Du

Mirror descent (MD), a well-known first-order method in constrained convex optimization, has recently been shown as an important tool to analyze trust-region algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL). However, there remains a considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Manan Tomar , Lior Shani , Yonathan Efroni , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

It is believed that Gradient Descent (GD) induces an implicit bias towards good generalization in training machine learning models. This paper provides a fine-grained analysis of the dynamics of GD for the matrix sensing problem, whose goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jikai Jin , Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu , Simon S. Du , Jason D. Lee

We investigate Stochastic Mirror Descent (SMD) with matrix parameters and vector-valued predictions, a framework relevant to multi-class classification and matrix completion problems. Focusing on the overparameterized regime, where the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Danil Akhtiamov , Reza Ghane , Omead Pooladzandi , Babak Hassibi

In deep learning, it is common to use more network parameters than training points. In such scenarioof over-parameterization, there are usually multiple networks that achieve zero training error so that thetraining algorithm induces an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hung-Hsu Chou , Carsten Gieshoff , Johannes Maly , Holger Rauhut

In overparameterized logistic regression, gradient descent (GD) iterates diverge in norm while converging in direction to the maximum $\ell_2$-margin solution -- a phenomenon known as the implicit bias of GD. This work investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jingfeng Wu , Peter Bartlett , Matus Telgarsky , Bin Yu

Recent theoretical results show that gradient descent on deep neural networks under exponential loss functions locally maximizes classification margin, which is equivalent to minimizing the norm of the weight matrices under margin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Andrzej Banburski , Fernanda De La Torre , Nishka Pant , Ishana Shastri , Tomaso Poggio