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Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, especially for question answering. However, in the face of problems beyond the scope of knowledge, these LLMs tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Chaojie Wang , Yishi Xu , Zhong Peng , Chenxi Zhang , Bo Chen , Xinrun Wang , Lei Feng , Bo An

Open-world Question Answering (OW-QA) over knowledge graphs (KGs) aims to answer questions over incomplete or evolving KGs. Traditional KGQA assumes a closed world where answers must exist in the KG, limiting real-world applicability. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hussein Abdallah , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Panos Kalnis , Essam Mansour

We propose a new approach for generating SPARQL queries on RDF knowledge graphs from natural language questions or keyword queries, using a large language model. Our approach does not require fine-tuning. Instead, it uses the language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sebastian Walter , Hannah Bast

In real-world scenarios, most of the data obtained from the information retrieval (IR) system is unstructured. Converting natural language sentences into structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs) remains a critical challenge. We identified three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyu Huang , Chong Chen , Zeang Sheng , Yang Li , Wentao Zhang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have commonly been constructed using predefined symbolic relation schemas, typically implemented as categorical relation labels. This design has notable shortcomings: real-world relations are often contextual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Kanyao Han , Yushang Lai

This paper addresses the task of conversational question answering (ConvQA) over knowledge graphs (KGs). The majority of existing ConvQA methods rely on full supervision signals with a strict assumption of the availability of gold logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Endri Kacupaj , Kuldeep Singh , Maria Maleshkova , Jens Lehmann

Answer selection, which is involved in many natural language processing applications such as dialog systems and question answering (QA), is an important yet challenging task in practice, since conventional methods typically suffer from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Yang Deng , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Min Yang , Wai Lam , Ying Shen

Conversational AI and Question-Answering systems (QASs) for knowledge graphs (KGs) are both emerging research areas: they empower users with natural language interfaces for extracting information easily and effectively. Conversational AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Reham Omar , Omij Mangukiya , Panos Kalnis , Essam Mansour

Previous methods on knowledge base question generation (KBQG) primarily focus on enhancing the quality of a single generated question. Recognizing the remarkable paraphrasing ability of humans, we contend that diverse texts should convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Shasha Guo , Jing Zhang , Xirui Ke , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) tasks by planning and interacting with knowledge graphs. However, existing methods often confuse tool utilization with knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Mufan Xu , Gewen Liang , Kehai Chen , Wei Wang , Xun Zhou , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Min Zhang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) can be enhanced through rule mining; however, the resulting logical rules are often difficult for humans to interpret due to their inherent complexity and the idiosyncratic labeling conventions of individual KGs. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Nasim Shirvani-Mahdavi , Chengkai Li

Methods for query answering over incomplete knowledge graphs retrieve entities that are likely to be answers, which is particularly useful when such answers cannot be reached by direct graph traversal due to missing edges. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Daniel Daza , Alberto Bernardi , Luca Costabello , Christophe Gueret , Masoud Mansoury , Michael Cochez , Martijn Schut

Knowledge Graph Question Answering aims to answer natural language questions by reasoning over structured knowledge graphs. While large language models have advanced KGQA through their strong reasoning capabilities, existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanlin Song , Ben Liu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Zhiwei Hu , Qianqian Xie , Min Peng , Sophia Ananiadou , Jeff Z. Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities yet remain unreliable on knowledge-intensive, multi-hop questions -- they miss long-tail facts, hallucinate when uncertain, and their internal knowledge lags…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jia Ao Sun , Hao Yu , Fabrizio Gotti , Fengran Mo , Yihong Wu , Yuchen Hui , Jian-Yun Nie

Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graph~(KGQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away from the topic entities mentioned in a natural language question on a large-scale Knowledge Graph (KG). To cope with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

The advent of large language models is contributing to the emergence of novel approaches that promise to better tackle the challenge of generating structured queries, such as SPARQL queries, from natural language. However, these new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Panayiotis Smeros , Vincent Emonet , Ruijie Wang , Ana-Claudia Sima , Tarcisio Mendes de Farias

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) aims to answer natural language questions using knowledge graphs. Recent research leverages large language models (LLMs) to enhance KGQA reasoning, but faces limitations: retrieval-based methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Can Lin , Zhengwang Jiang , Ling Zheng , Qi Zhao , Yuhang Zhang , Qi Song , Wangqiu Zhou

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) has advanced through structured query generation, yet most efforts target RDF/SPARQL, leaving Cypher and property graphs underexplored, despite increasing demand for unified KGQA in industry…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mengying Wang , Nicolaas Jedema , Rahul Pandey , RaviKiran Krishnan , Jens Lehmann , Yinghui Wu

Agentic knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) requires an agent to iteratively interact with knowledge graphs (KGs), posing challenges in both training data scarcity and reasoning generalization. Specifically, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shuwen Xu , Yao Xu , Jiaxiang Liu , Chenhao Yuan , Wenshuo Peng , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu