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Recent advances in large text-conditional diffusion models have revolutionized image generation by enabling users to create realistic, high-quality images from textual prompts, significantly enhancing artistic creation and visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ali Naseh , Jaechul Roh , Eugene Bagdasarian , Amir Houmansadr

Deep neural networks for image classification are well-known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. One such attack that has garnered recent attention is the adversarial backdoor attack, which has demonstrated the capability to perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Glenn Dawson , Muhammad Umer , Robi Polikar

Recent work has demonstrated robust mechanisms by which attacks can be orchestrated on machine learning models. In contrast to adversarial examples, backdoor or trojan attacks embed surgically modified samples with targeted labels in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Zhaoyuan Yang , Naresh Iyer , Johan Reimann , Nurali Virani

Deep speech classification tasks, including keyword spotting and speaker verification, are vital in speech-based human-computer interaction. Recently, the security of these technologies has been revealed to be susceptible to backdoor…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

We propose VIBE, a model-agnostic framework that trains classifiers resilient to backdoor attacks. The key concept behind our approach is to treat malicious inputs and corrupted labels from the training dataset as observed random variables,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ivan Sabolić , Matej Grcić , Siniša Šegvić

In a backdoor attack, an adversary injects corrupted data into a model's training dataset in order to gain control over its predictions on images with a specific attacker-defined trigger. A typical corrupted training example requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rishi D. Jha , Jonathan Hayase , Sewoong Oh

To gather a significant quantity of annotated training data for high-performance image classification models, numerous companies opt to enlist third-party providers to label their unlabeled data. This practice is widely regarded as secure,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Guoyao Yu , Shuheng Shen , Xinyi Fu , Peng Qian , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned on uncurated text datasets that adversaries can poison. Existing poisoning attacks primarily rely on fixed trigger phrases that defenses such as outlier detection, clean-data regularization,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zedian Shao , Charles Fleming , Teodora Baluta

Backdoor attacks mislead machine-learning models to output an attacker-specified class when presented a specific trigger at test time. These attacks require poisoning the training data to compromise the learning algorithm, e.g., by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kathrin Grosse , Taesung Lee , Battista Biggio , Youngja Park , Michael Backes , Ian Molloy

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

As machine learning (ML) systems are being increasingly employed in the real world to handle sensitive tasks and make decisions in various fields, the security and privacy of those models have also become increasingly critical. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Marwan Omar

Large amounts of incremental learning algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting issue arises while dealing with sequential data on a time series. However, the adversarial robustness of incremental learners has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yiqi Zhong , Xianming Liu , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

Backdoor attacks for neural code models have gained considerable attention due to the advancement of code intelligence. However, most existing works insert triggers into task-specific data for code-related downstream tasks, thereby limiting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yanzhou Li , Shangqing Liu , Kangjie Chen , Xiaofei Xie , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Backdoor poisoning attacks pose a well-known risk to neural networks. However, most studies have focused on lenient threat models. We introduce Silent Killer, a novel attack that operates in clean-label, black-box settings, uses a stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tzvi Lederer , Gallil Maimon , Lior Rokach

This paper demonstrates a fatal vulnerability in natural language inference (NLI) and text classification systems. More concretely, we present a 'backdoor poisoning' attack on NLP models. Our poisoning attack utilizes conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alvin Chan , Yi Tay , Yew-Soon Ong , Aston Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks which can hide backdoor triggers in DNNs by poisoning training data. A backdoored model behaves normally on clean test images, yet consistently predicts a particular target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Shihao Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Xiang Zheng , James Bailey , Jingjing Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

A backdoor data poisoning attack is an adversarial attack wherein the attacker injects several watermarked, mislabeled training examples into a training set. The watermark does not impact the test-time performance of the model on typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Naren Sarayu Manoj , Avrim Blum

Deep neural networks have played a crucial part in many critical domains, such as autonomous driving, face recognition, and medical diagnosis. However, deep neural networks are facing security threats from backdoor attacks and can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiyang Guan , Jian Liang , Ran He

Backdoor attacks on text classifiers can cause them to predict a predefined label when a particular "trigger" is present. Prior attacks often rely on triggers that are ungrammatical or otherwise unusual, leading to conspicuous attacks. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Wencong You , Daniel Lowd