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This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to process and reason over long textual inputs is critical for a wide range of real-world applications. However, progress in this area is significantly constrained by the absence of high-quality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Seganrasan Subramanian , Abhigya Verma

Augmenting LLMs with context leads to improved performance across many applications. Despite much research on Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, an open question is whether errors arise because LLMs fail to utilize the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hailey Joren , Jianyi Zhang , Chun-Sung Ferng , Da-Cheng Juan , Ankur Taly , Cyrus Rashtchian

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

We investigate the usefulness of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating training data for cross-encoder re-rankers in a novel direction: generating synthetic documents instead of synthetic queries. We introduce a new dataset,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Arian Askari , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Suzan Verberne

Data augmentation has been shown to effectively improve the performance of multimodal machine learning models. This paper introduces a generative model for data augmentation by leveraging the correlations among multiple modalities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Zixu Wang , Yishu Miao , Lucia Specia

Generative commonsense reasoning is the capability of a language model to generate a sentence with a given concept-set that is based on commonsense knowledge. However, generative language models still struggle to provide outputs, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jaehyung Seo , Chanjun Park , Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Closed-book question answering (QA) requires a model to directly answer an open-domain question without access to any external knowledge. Prior work on closed-book QA either directly finetunes or prompts a pretrained language model (LM) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Peng Xu , Ryan Prenger , Mohammad Shoeybi , Pascale Fung , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Automatic Question Answering (QA) systems rely on contextual information to provide accurate answers. Commonly, contexts are prepared through either retrieval-based or generation-based methods. The former involves retrieving relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jamshid Mozafari , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

Neural approaches have become very popular in Question Answering (QA), however, they require a large amount of annotated data. In this work, we propose a novel approach that combines data augmentation via question-answer generation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Maximilian Kimmich , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Jasmina Bogojeska , Cristiano Malossi , Ngoc Thang Vu

Understanding data visualizations like charts and plots requires reasoning about both visual elements and numerics. Although strong in extractive questions, current chart visual question answering (chart VQA) models suffer on complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhuowan Li , Bhavan Jasani , Peng Tang , Shabnam Ghadar

We introduce context augmentation, a data-augmentation approach that uses large language models (LLMs) to generate contexts around observed strings as a means of facilitating valid frequentist inference. These generated contexts serve to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Marc Ratkovic

Large language models (LLMs) typically utilize the top-k contexts from a retriever in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). In this work, we propose a novel instruction fine-tuning framework RankRAG, which instruction-tunes a single LLM for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yue Yu , Wei Ping , Zihan Liu , Boxin Wang , Jiaxuan You , Chao Zhang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Question and answer generation (QAG) consists of generating a set of question-answer pairs given a context (e.g. a paragraph). This task has a variety of applications, such as data augmentation for question answering (QA) models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

Fine-tuning a language model often results in a degradation of its existing performance on other tasks, due to a shift in the model parameters; this phenomenon is often referred to as (catastrophic) forgetting. We are interested in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Parikshit Bansal , Sujay Sanghavi

Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) training have highlighted the need for diverse, high-quality instruction data. Recently, many works are exploring synthetic data generation using LLMs. However, they primarily focus on prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yifang Chen , David Zhu , Simon Du , Kevin Jamieson , Yang Liu

Data augmentation techniques are widely used for enhancing the performance of machine learning models by tackling class imbalance issues and data sparsity. State-of-the-art generative language models have been shown to provide significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Aleksandra Edwards , Asahi Ushio , Jose Camacho-Collados , Hélène de Ribaupierre , Alun Preece

The limited scale of annotated data constraints existing context-dependent text-to-SQL models because of the complexity of labeling. The data augmentation method is a commonly used method to solve this problem. However, the data generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Dingzirui Wang , Longxu Dou , Wanxiang Che

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan