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Recently, NLP models have achieved remarkable progress across a variety of tasks; however, they have also been criticized for being not robust. Many robustness problems can be attributed to models exploiting spurious correlations, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Tianlu Wang , Rohit Sridhar , Diyi Yang , Xuezhi Wang

Long-tailed data is prevalent in real-world classification tasks and heavily relies on supervised information, which makes the annotation process exceptionally labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unfortunately, despite being a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

Learning with Noisy Labels (LNL) has attracted significant attention from the research community. Many recent LNL methods rely on the assumption that clean samples tend to have "small loss". However, this assumption always fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 MingCai Chen , Yu Zhao , Bing He , Zongbo Han , Bingzhe Wu , Jianhua Yao

Neural NLP models tend to rely on spurious correlations between labels and input features to perform their tasks. Minority examples, i.e., examples that contradict the spurious correlations present in the majority of data points, have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Soroush Mehri , Remi Tachet , T. J. Hazen , Alessandro Sordoni

Curriculum learning can improve neural network training by guiding the optimization to desirable optima. We propose a novel curriculum learning approach for image classification that adapts the loss function by changing the label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Urun Dogan , Aniket Anand Deshmukh , Marcin Machura , Christian Igel

Sentence-level classification and sequential labeling are two fundamental tasks in language understanding. While these two tasks are usually modeled separately, in reality, they are often correlated, for example in intent classification and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Mingbo Ma , Kai Zhao , Liang Huang , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou

Neural networks often exhibit simplicity bias, favoring simpler features over more complex ones, even when both are equally predictive. We introduce a novel method called imbalanced label coupling to explore and extend this simplicity bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Zhehang Du

Shortcut learning, in which models make use of easy-to-represent but unstable associations, is a major failure mode for robust machine learning. We study a flexible, causally-motivated approach to training robust predictors by discouraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Maggie Makar , Ben Packer , Dan Moldovan , Davis Blalock , Yoni Halpern , Alexander D'Amour

Supervised learning usually requires a large amount of labelled data. However, attaining ground-truth labels is costly for many tasks. Alternatively, weakly supervised methods learn with cheap weak signals that only approximately label some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 You Lu , Wenzhuo Song , Chidubem Arachie , Bert Huang

Deep learning has seen widespread success in various domains such as science, industry, and society. However, it is acknowledged that certain approaches suffer from non-robustness, relying on spurious correlations for predictions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Label noise is a critical factor that degrades the generalization performance of deep neural networks, thus leading to severe issues in real-world problems. Existing studies have employed strategies based on either loss or uncertainty to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Wonyoung Shin , Jung-Woo Ha , Shengzhe Li , Yongwoo Cho , Hoyean Song , Sunyoung Kwon

Pseudo-labels are confident predictions made on unlabeled target data by a classifier trained on labeled source data. They are widely used for adapting a model to unlabeled data, e.g., in a semi-supervised learning setting. Our key insight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Xudong Wang , Zhirong Wu , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Acquiring and training on large-scale labeled data can be impractical due to cost constraints. Additionally, the use of small training datasets can result in considerable variability in model outcomes, overfitting, and learning of spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Competitive point cloud semantic segmentation results usually rely on a large amount of labeled data. However, data annotation is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task, particularly for three-dimensional point cloud data. Thus,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Puzuo Wang , Wei Yao

Recent work has shown that pre-trained language models such as BERT improve robustness to spurious correlations in the dataset. Intrigued by these results, we find that the key to their success is generalization from a small amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lifu Tu , Garima Lalwani , Spandana Gella , He He

Incorrectly labelled training data are frustratingly ubiquitous in both benchmark and specially curated datasets. Such mislabelling clearly adversely affects the performance and generalizability of models trained through supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Nicholas Pellegrino , David Szczecina , Paul Fieguth

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful zero- and few-shot learners. However, when predicting over a set of candidate options, LLMs suffer from label biases, and existing calibration methods overlook biases arising from multi-token class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Partial-label learning is a popular weakly supervised learning setting that allows each training example to be annotated with a set of candidate labels. Previous studies on partial-label learning only focused on the classification setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xin Cheng , Deng-Bao Wang , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang , Bo An

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) reveal a perplexing phenomenon in continual learning: despite extensive training, models experience significant performance declines, raising questions about task alignment and underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Shengjie Qiu , Qianli Ma

The study of model bias and variance with respect to decision boundaries is critically important in supervised classification. There is generally a tradeoff between the two, as fine-tuning of the decision boundary of a classification model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Matthew Almeida , Wei Ding , Scott Crouter , Ping Chen