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This paper proposes a method to relax the conditional independence assumption of connectionist temporal classification (CTC)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. We train a CTC-based ASR model with auxiliary CTC losses in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Jumon Nozaki , Tatsuya Komatsu

In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive technique that uses an attention-based gated scaling (AGS) scheme to improve deep feature learning for connectionist temporal classification (CTC) acoustic modeling. In AGS, the outputs of each…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-01 Fenglin Ding , Wu Guo , Lirong Dai , Jun Du

In end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR), a model is expected to implicitly learn representations suitable for recognizing a word-level sequence. However, the huge abstraction gap between input acoustic signals and output linguistic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-09 Yosuke Higuchi , Keita Karube , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

In this paper we introduce various techniques to improve the performance of electroencephalography (EEG) features based continuous speech recognition (CSR) systems. A connectionist temporal classification (CTC) based automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-25 Gautam Krishna , Co Tran , Mason Carnahan , Yan Han , Ahmed H Tewfik

This paper proposes InterAug: a novel training method for CTC-based ASR using augmented intermediate representations for conditioning. The proposed method exploits the conditioning framework of self-conditioned CTC to train robust models by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Yu Nakagome , Tatsuya Komatsu , Yusuke Fujita , Shuta Ichimura , Yusuke Kida

Recently, end-to-end automatic speech recognition models based on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) have achieved impressive results, especially when fine-tuned from wav2vec2.0 models. Due to the conditional independence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Keqi Deng , Songjun Cao , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Gaofeng Cheng , Ji Xu , Pengyuan Zhang

The recent emergence of joint CTC-Attention model shows significant improvement in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The improvement largely lies in the modeling of linguistic information by decoder. The decoder joint-optimized with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Mengyuan Zhao , Zhiyong Zhang , Jing Xiao

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) that performs conditionally independent monotonic alignment. However for translation, CTC exhibits clear limitations due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Brian Yan , Siddharth Dalmia , Yosuke Higuchi , Graham Neubig , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Shinji Watanabe

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have revolutionized the field by integrating all components into a single neural network, with attention-based encoder-decoder models achieving state-of-the-art performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Duygu Altinok

In recent years, end-to-end speech recognition has emerged as a technology that integrates the acoustic, pronunciation dictionary, and language model components of the traditional Automatic Speech Recognition model. It is possible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Tzu-Ting Yang , Hsin-Wei Wang , Berlin Chen

We present a simple and efficient auxiliary loss function for automatic speech recognition (ASR) based on the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) objective. The proposed objective, an intermediate CTC loss, is attached to an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-08 Jaesong Lee , Shinji Watanabe

Combination approaches for speech recognition (ASR) systems cover structured sentence-level or word-based merging techniques as well as combination of model scores during beam search. In this work, we compare model combination across…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Noureldin Bayoumi , Robin Schmitt , Tina Raissi , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems trained from frame-level alignments can easily leverage posterior fusion to improve ASR accuracy and build a better single model with knowledge distillation. End-to-end ASR systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Gakuto Kurata , Kartik Audhkhasi

Non-autoregressive automatic speech recognition (ASR) modeling has received increasing attention recently because of its fast decoding speed and superior performance. Among representatives, methods based on the connectionist temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ke-Han Lu , Kuan-Yu Chen

Code-Switching (CS) remains a challenge for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), especially character-based models. With the combined choice of characters from multiple languages, the outcome from character-based models suffers from phoneme…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-24 Burin Naowarat , Thananchai Kongthaworn , Korrawe Karunratanakul , Sheng Hui Wu , Ekapol Chuangsuwanich

Graph-based temporal classification (GTC), a generalized form of the connectionist temporal classification loss, was recently proposed to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems using graph-based supervision. For example, GTC was…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Xuankai Chang , Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Jonathan Le Roux

The kNN-CTC model has proven to be effective for monolingual automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, its direct application to multilingual scenarios like code-switching, presents challenges. Although there is potential for performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jiaming Zhou , Shiwan Zhao , Hui Wang , Tian-Hao Zhang , Haoqin Sun , Xuechen Wang , Yong Qin

Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have extended the usability of speech technologies to a wide variety of languages. With how many languages these models have to handle, however, a key to understanding their imbalanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 William Chen , Brian Yan , Jiatong Shi , Yifan Peng , Soumi Maiti , Shinji Watanabe

Temporal connectionist temporal classification (CTC)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) is one of the most successful end to end (E2E) ASR frameworks. However, due to the token independence assumption in decoding, an external language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-26 Xugang Lu , Peng Shen , Yu Tsao , Hisashi Kawai

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires large amounts of data in the target language in order to achieve good performance. Whereas large training corpora are readily available for languages like English, there exists a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-15 Markus Müller , Sebastian Stüker , Alex Waibel
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