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Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) exhibit higher energy efficiency compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) due to their unique spike-driven mechanism. Additionally, SNN possess a crucial characteristic, namely the ability to process…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Huaxu He

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are being explored for their potential energy efficiency benefits due to sparse, event-driven computation. Non-spiking artificial neural networks are typically trained with stochastic gradient descent using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Jason Allred , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that mimic information transmission in the brain can energy-efficiently process spatio-temporal information through discrete and sparse spikes, thereby receiving considerable attention. To improve accuracy and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Byunggook Na , Jisoo Mok , Seongsik Park , Dongjin Lee , Hyeokjun Choe , Sungroh Yoon

Multi-bit spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently become a heated research spot, pursuing energy-efficient and high-accurate AI. However, with more bits involved, the associated memory and computation demands escalate to the point…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xingting Yao , Qinghao Hu , Fei Zhou , Tielong Liu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Reinforcement learning agents based on Transformer architectures have achieved impressive performance on sequential decision-making tasks, but their reliance on dense matrix operations makes them ill-suited for energy-constrained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vishal Pandey , Debasmita Biswas

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have gained significant popularity thanks to their ability to learn using the well-known backpropagation algorithm. Conversely, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), despite having broader capabilities than ANNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sergio Davies , Andrew Gait , Andrew Rowley , Alessandro Di Nuovo

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising biologically plausible models of computation which utilize a spiking binary activation function similar to that of biological neurons. SNNs are well positioned to process spatiotemporal data, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Boxun Xu , Richard Boone , Peng Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), in virtue of their high biological plausibility, rich spatial-temporal dynamics, and event-driven computation. The direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Chenlin Zhou , Han Zhang , Liutao Yu , Yumin Ye , Zhaokun Zhou , Liwei Huang , Zhengyu Ma , Xiaopeng Fan , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian

Neuromorphic hardware implementations of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient, low-latency AI through sparse, event-driven computation. Yet, training SNNs under fine temporal discretization remains a major challenge,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Roel Koopman , Sebastian Otte , Sander Bohté

The adaptive changes in synaptic efficacy that occur between spiking neurons have been demonstrated to play a critical role in learning for biological neural networks. Despite this source of inspiration, many learning focused applications…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Samuel Schmidgall , Julia Ashkanazy , Wallace Lawson , Joe Hays

Intracortical brain-machine interfaces demand low-latency, energy-efficient solutions for neural decoding. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) deployed on neuromorphic hardware have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in neural decoding by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Francesca Rivelli , Martin Popov , Charalampos S. Kouzinopoulos , Guangzhi Tang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired, event-driven machine learning algorithms that have been widely recognized in producing ultra-high-energy-efficient hardware. Among existing SNNs, unsupervised SNNs based on synaptic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Mingyuan Meng , Xingyu Yang , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim , Shanlin Xiao , Zhiyi Yu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a prominent neural computing paradigm. However, the typical shallow SNN architectures have limited capacity for expressing complex representations while training deep SNNs using input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Chankyu Lee , Syed Shakib Sarwar , Priyadarshini Panda , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy

We present a fully memristive spiking neural network (MSNN) consisting of physically-realizable memristive neurons and memristive synapses to implement an unsupervised Spiking Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning rule. The system is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Peng Zhou , Dong-Uk Choi , Jason K. Eshraghian , Sung-Mo Kang

Spikes are the currency in central nervous systems for information transmission and processing. They are also believed to play an essential role in low-power consumption of the biological systems, whose efficiency attracts increasing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Qiang Yu , Shenglan Li , Huajin Tang , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang , Kay Chen Tan

Speech enhancement is critical for improving speech intelligibility and quality in various audio devices. In recent years, deep learning-based methods have significantly improved speech enhancement performance, but they often come with a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Xiang Hao , Chenxiang Ma , Qu Yang , Jibin Wu , Kay Chen Tan

As an important class of spiking neural networks (SNNs), recurrent spiking neural networks (RSNNs) possess great computational power and have been widely used for processing sequential data like audio and text. However, most RSNNs suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Wenrui Zhang , Peng Li

Bio-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs), operating with asynchronous binary signals (or spikes) distributed over time, can potentially lead to greater computational efficiency on event-driven hardware. The state-of-the-art SNNs suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Nitin Rathi , Kaushik Roy

Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann