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Related papers: On the Paradox of Learning to Reason from Data

200 papers

Despite recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), improving the reasoning ability of Small Language Models (SLMs, e.g., up to 1.5B parameters) remains challenging. A key obstacle lies in the complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Li Wang , Changhao Zhang , Zengqi Xiu , Kai Lu , Xin Yu , Kui Zhang , Wenjun Wu

This work compares large language models (LLMs) and neuro-symbolic approaches in solving Raven's progressive matrices (RPM), a visual abstract reasoning test that involves the understanding of mathematical rules such as progression or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Michael Hersche , Giacomo Camposampiero , Roger Wattenhofer , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

Since the popularization of the Transformer as a general-purpose feature encoder for NLP, many studies have attempted to decode linguistic structure from its novel multi-head attention mechanism. However, much of such work focused almost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Vinit Ravishankar , Artur Kulmizev , Mostafa Abdou , Anders Søgaard , Joakim Nivre

Detecting fine-grained differences in content conveyed in different languages matters for cross-lingual NLP and multilingual corpora analysis, but it is a challenging machine learning problem since annotation is expensive and hard to scale.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Eleftheria Briakou , Marine Carpuat

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language tasks, but less is known about their reasoning capabilities over tabular data. Prior analyses devise evaluation strategies that poorly reflect an LLM's realistic performance on tabular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Cornelius Wolff , Madelon Hulsebos

Large language models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have fueled a compelling narrative that reasoning universally improves performance across language tasks. We test this claim through a comprehensive evaluation of 504 configurations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Donghao Huang , Zhaoxia Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in predicting mental health outcomes from online text, yet traditional classification methods often lack interpretability and robustness. This study evaluates structured reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Avinash Patil , Amardeep Kour Gedhu

The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved with chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, allowing models to solve complex tasks stepwise. However, training CoT capabilities requires detailed reasoning data, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Ting Lee , Hui-Ying Shih , Yi Hsuan Tseng , Pei-Yuan Wu

Language models like BERT excel at sentence classification tasks due to extensive pre-training on general data, but their robustness to parameter corruption is unexplored. To understand this better, we look at what happens if a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shijie Han , Zhenyu Zhang , Andrei Arsene Simion

Quantitative reasoning is a critical skill to analyze data, yet the assessment of such ability remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce the Quantitative Reasoning with Data (QRData) benchmark, aiming to evaluate Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiao Liu , Zirui Wu , Xueqing Wu , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yansong Feng

We investigate the capabilities of transformer models on relational reasoning tasks. In these tasks, models are trained on a set of strings encoding abstract relations, and are then tested out-of-distribution on data that contains symbols…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Enric Boix-Adsera , Omid Saremi , Emmanuel Abbe , Samy Bengio , Etai Littwin , Joshua Susskind

Probing complex language models has recently revealed several insights into linguistic and semantic patterns found in the learned representations. In this paper, we probe BERT specifically to understand and measure the relational knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Jonas Wallat , Jaspreet Singh , Avishek Anand

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models often learn to model dataset biases and surface form correlations instead of features that target the intended underlying task. Previous work has demonstrated effective methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Victor Sanh , Thomas Wolf , Yonatan Belinkov , Alexander M. Rush

While state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) demonstrate advanced reasoning capabilities-achieving remarkable performance on challenging competitive math and coding benchmarks-they also frequently fail on tasks that are easy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Alan Malek , Jiawei Ge , Nevena Lazic , Chi Jin , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

Current Natural Language Inference (NLI) models achieve impressive results, sometimes outperforming humans when evaluating on in-distribution test sets. However, as these models are known to learn from annotation artefacts and dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Joe Stacey , Pasquale Minervini , Haim Dubossarsky , Marek Rei

Despite their linguistic competence, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to reason reliably and flexibly. To identify these shortcomings, we introduce the Non-Linear Reasoning (NLR) dataset, a collection of 55 unique, hand-designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Steven T. Piantadosi

This evidence-based position paper critiques current research practices within the language model pre-training literature. Despite rapid recent progress afforded by increasingly better pre-trained language models (PLMs), current PLM…

While deep neural networks have achieved impressive performance on a range of NLP tasks, these data-hungry models heavily rely on labeled data, which restricts their applications in scenarios where data annotation is expensive. Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Ziqi Wang , Yujia Qin , Wenxuan Zhou , Jun Yan , Qinyuan Ye , Leonardo Neves , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiang Ren

The rise of big data analytics on top of NLP increases the computational burden for text processing at scale. The problems faced in NLP are very high dimensional text, so it takes a high computation resource. The MapReduce allows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Kuncahyo Setyo Nugroho , Anantha Yullian Sukmadewa , Novanto Yudistira

It is difficult for humans to distinguish the true and false of rumors, but current deep learning models can surpass humans and achieve excellent accuracy on many rumor datasets. In this paper, we investigate whether deep learning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Shiwen Ni , Jiawen Li , Hung-Yu Kao