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The expanding integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into recommender systems poses critical challenges to evaluation reliability. This paper identifies and investigates a previously overlooked issue: benchmark data leakage in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingqiao Zhang , Qiyao Peng , Yinghui Wang , Hongtao Liu , Yumeng Wang

The ability of machine learning models to store input information in hidden layer vector embeddings, analogous to the concept of `memory', is widely employed but not well characterized. We find that language model embeddings typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Benjamin L. Badger

Machine unlearning has emerged as an important component in developing safe and trustworthy models. Prior work on fact unlearning in LLMs has mostly focused on removing a specified target fact robustly, but often overlooks its deductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihan Wu , Chhavi Yadav , Russ Salakhutdinov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are optimized to produce distributionally plausible continuations rather than to explicitly verify whether generated propositions are entailed by source documents. This inductive bias enables generalization, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Paul Landes , Pranav Herur , Adam Cross , Jimeng Sun

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised serious concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. As a result, a growing body of research focuses on evidence-based text generation with LLMs, aiming to link…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tobias Schreieder , Tim Schopf , Michael Färber

Pretraining data has a direct impact on the behaviors and quality of language models (LMs), but we only understand the most basic principles of this relationship. While most work focuses on pretraining data's effect on downstream task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jack Merullo , Noah A. Smith , Sarah Wiegreffe , Yanai Elazar

While there are numerous benchmarks comparing the performance of modern language models (LMs), end-task evaluations often conflate notions of *factual accuracy* ("truth") and *reasoning ability* ("rationality", or "honesty" in the sense of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Peter Clark , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Oyvind Tafjord

Large Language Models (LLMs) may hallucinate and generate fake information, despite pre-training on factual data. Inspired by the journalistic device of "according to sources", we propose according-to prompting: directing LLMs to ground…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Orion Weller , Marc Marone , Nathaniel Weir , Dawn Lawrie , Daniel Khashabi , Benjamin Van Durme

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities given chain-of-thought prompts (examples with intermediate reasoning steps). Existing benchmarks measure reasoning ability indirectly, by evaluating accuracy on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Abulhair Saparov , He He

As language models (LMs) deliver increasing performance on a range of NLP tasks, probing classifiers have become an indispensable technique in the effort to better understand their inner workings. A typical setup involves (1) defining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

Facts are subject to contingencies and can be true or false in different circumstances. One such contingency is time, wherein some facts mutate over a given period, e.g., the president of a country or the winner of a championship.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Constanza Fierro , Nicolas Garneau , Emanuele Bugliarello , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Anders Søgaard

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require deductive reasoning, yet models frequently produce incorrect or redundant inference steps. We frame natural language inference as a search problem where the final answer is the valid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andreas Opedal , Francesco Ignazio Re , Abulhair Saparov , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ryan Cotterell

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on web-scale corpora that inevitably include contradictory factual information from sources of varying reliability. In this paper, we propose measuring an LLM property called trusted source alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Vasilisa Bashlovkina , Zhaobin Kuang , Riley Matthews , Edward Clifford , Yennie Jun , William W. Cohen , Simon Baumgartner

While many have shown how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to a diverse set of tasks, the critical issues of data contamination and memorization are often glossed over. In this work, we address this concern for tabular data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Sebastian Bordt , Harsha Nori , Rich Caruana

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance across various Data-to-Text Generation (DTG) tasks. However, generating factually consistent text in DTG remains challenging for LLMs. Despite this, in-depth evaluations of LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Joy Mahapatra , Utpal Garain

Released Large Language Models (LLMs) are often paired with a claimed knowledge cutoff date, or the dates at which training data was gathered. Such information is crucial for applications where the LLM must provide up to date information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jeffrey Cheng , Marc Marone , Orion Weller , Dawn Lawrie , Daniel Khashabi , Benjamin Van Durme

Having been trained on massive pretraining data, large language models have shown excellent performance on many knowledge-intensive tasks. However, pretraining data tends to contain misleading and even conflicting information, and it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiahuan Li , Yiqing Cao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

An essential problem in artificial intelligence is whether LLMs can simulate human cognition or merely imitate surface-level behaviors, while existing datasets suffer from either synthetic reasoning traces or population-level aggregation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuxuan Gu , Lunjun Liu , Xiaocheng Feng , Kun Zhu , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Bing Qin

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in generating human-like text, proving to be a valuable asset across various applications. However, adapting these models to incorporate new, out-of-domain…