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While deep neural networks have achieved impressive performance on a range of NLP tasks, these data-hungry models heavily rely on labeled data, which restricts their applications in scenarios where data annotation is expensive. Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Ziqi Wang , Yujia Qin , Wenxuan Zhou , Jun Yan , Qinyuan Ye , Leonardo Neves , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiang Ren

An important feature of successful supervised machine learning applications is to be able to explain the predictions given by the regression or classification model being used. However, most state-of-the-art models that have good predictive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-14 Victor Coscrato , Marco Henrique de Almeida Inácio , Tiago Botari , Rafael Izbicki

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Recent years have seen an increasing amount of work on embodied AI agents that can perform tasks by following human language instructions. However, most of these agents are reactive, meaning that they simply learn and imitate behaviors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yichi Zhang , Jianing Yang , Jiayi Pan , Shane Storks , Nikhil Devraj , Ziqiao Ma , Keunwoo Peter Yu , Yuwei Bao , Joyce Chai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in education, yet their correctness alone does not capture the quality, reliability, or pedagogical validity of their problem-solving behavior, especially in mathematics, where…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sagnik Dakshit , Sushmita Sinha Roy

Diagnosis prediction is a critical task in healthcare, where timely and accurate identification of medical conditions can significantly impact patient outcomes. Traditional machine learning and deep learning models have achieved notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Qiuhao Lu , Rui Li , Elham Sagheb , Andrew Wen , Jinlian Wang , Liwei Wang , Jungwei W. Fan , Hongfang Liu

We introduce a novel approach to incorporate syntax into natural language inference (NLI) models. Our method uses contextual token-level vector representations from a pretrained dependency parser. Like other contextual embedders, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Deric Pang , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets often exhibit human label variation. To better understand these variations, explanation-based approaches analyze the underlying reasoning behind annotators' decisions. One such approach is the LiTEx…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pingjun Hong , Beiduo Chen , Siyao Peng , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe , Benjamin Roth , Barbara Plank

Reasoning has been a central topic in artificial intelligence from the beginning. The recent progress made on distributed representation and neural networks continues to improve the state-of-the-art performance of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Zi'ou Zheng , Xiaodan Zhu

The reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a central focus of study in NLP. In this paper, we consider the case of syllogistic reasoning, an area of deductive reasoning studied extensively in logic and cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leonardo Bertolazzi , Albert Gatt , Raffaella Bernardi

While pre-trained language models have obtained state-of-the-art performance for several natural language understanding tasks, they are quite opaque in terms of their decision-making process. While some recent works focus on rationalizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Meghana Moorthy Bhat , Alessandro Sordoni , Subhabrata Mukherjee

A machine learning system can score well on a given test set by relying on heuristics that are effective for frequent example types but break down in more challenging cases. We study this issue within natural language inference (NLI), the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 R. Thomas McCoy , Ellie Pavlick , Tal Linzen

Recent language models have shown remarkable performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, they are often sub-optimal when faced with ambiguous samples that can be interpreted in multiple ways, over-confidently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Hancheol Park , Soyeong Jeong , Sukmin Cho , Jong C. Park

Natural Language Inference (NLI) has been extensively studied by the NLP community as a framework for estimating the semantic relation between sentence pairs. While early work identified certain biases in NLI models, recent advancements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Tal Schuster , Sihao Chen , Senaka Buthpitiya , Alex Fabrikant , Donald Metzler

The task of natural language inference (NLI) asks whether a given premise (expressed in NL) entails a given NL hypothesis. NLI benchmarks contain human ratings of entailment, but the meaning relationships driving these ratings are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Juri Opitz , Shira Wein , Julius Steen , Anette Frank , Nathan Schneider

As large language models become increasingly capable, there is growing concern that they may develop reasoning processes that are encoded or hidden from human oversight. To investigate whether current interpretability techniques can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ching Fang , Samuel Marks

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with complex logical reasoning. While previous works achieve remarkable improvements, their performance is highly dependent on the correctness of translating natural language (NL) problems into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiangyu Wang , Haocheng Yang , Fengxiang Cheng , Fenrong Liu

Natural language inference (NLI) is a fundamentally important task in natural language processing that has many applications. The recently released Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus has made it possible to develop and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Shuohang Wang , Jing Jiang

The reading comprehension task, that asks questions about a given evidence document, is a central problem in natural language understanding. Recent formulations of this task have typically focused on answer selection from a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Kenton Lee , Shimi Salant , Tom Kwiatkowski , Ankur Parikh , Dipanjan Das , Jonathan Berant

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as automated judges in benchmarking and reward modeling, ensuring their reliability, efficiency, and robustness has become critical. In this work, we present a systematic comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pratik Jayarao , Himanshu Gupta , Neeraj Varshney , Chaitanya Dwivedi
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