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Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) refers to a class of techniques that aim to prevent RL algorithms from violating constraints in the process of decision-making and exploration during trial and error. In this paper, a novel model-free…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Homayoun Honari , Mehran Ghafarian Tamizi , Homayoun Najjaran

Animal health monitoring and population management are critical aspects of wildlife conservation and livestock management that increasingly rely on automated detection and tracking systems. While Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Nisha Pillai , Aditi Virupakshaiah , Harrison W. Smith , Amanda J. Ashworth , Prasanna Gowda , Phillip R. Owens , Adam R. Rivers , Bindu Nanduri , Mahalingam Ramkumar

We study human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning (RL) with trajectory preferences, where instead of receiving a numeric reward at each step, the agent only receives preferences over trajectory pairs from a human overseer. The goal of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Xiaoyu Chen , Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Liwei Wang

Reinforcement learning agents for portfolio management are typically trained and deployed as static policies, with no mechanism for using price forecasts at inference time. We propose $\text{FPILOT}$ (**Fin**ancial **P**lugin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eun Go , Rohan Deb , Arindam Banerjee

Robust reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find a policy that optimizes the worst-case performance in the face of uncertainties. In this paper, we focus on action robust RL with the probabilistic policy execution uncertainty, in which,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Guanlin Liu , Zhihan Zhou , Han Liu , Lifeng Lai

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is vital in areas where active data collection is expensive or infeasible, such as robotics or healthcare. In the real world, offline datasets often involve multiple domains that share the same state and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Soichiro Nishimori , Xin-Qiang Cai , Johannes Ackermann , Masashi Sugiyama

We transform reinforcement learning (RL) into a form of supervised learning (SL) by turning traditional RL on its head, calling this Upside Down RL (UDRL). Standard RL predicts rewards, while UDRL instead uses rewards as task-defining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Juergen Schmidhuber

Unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) studies how to leverage environment statistics to learn useful behaviors without the cost of reward engineering. However, a central challenge in unsupervised RL is to extract behaviors that…

We enable reinforcement learning agents to learn successful behavior policies by utilizing relevant pre-existing teacher policies. The teacher policies are introduced as objectives, in addition to the task objective, in a multi-objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Shruti Mishra , Ankit Anand , Jordan Hoffmann , Nicolas Heess , Martin Riedmiller , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Doina Precup

Existing algorithms aiming to learn a binary classifier from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data generally require estimating the class prior or label noises ahead of building a classification model. However, the estimation and classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tianyu Li , Chien-Chih Wang , Yukun Ma , Patricia Ortal , Qifang Zhao , Bjorn Stenger , Yu Hirate

Transfer Learning (TL) has shown great potential to accelerate Reinforcement Learning (RL) by leveraging prior knowledge from past learned policies of relevant tasks. Existing transfer approaches either explicitly computes the similarity…

Ensuring AI models align with human values is essential for their safety and functionality. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) leverages human preferences to achieve this alignment. However, when preferences are sourced from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Ryan Bahlous-Boldi , Li Ding , Lee Spector , Scott Niekum

While originally developed for continuous control problems, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has emerged as the work-horse of a variety of reinforcement learning (RL) applications, including the fine-tuning of generative models.…

Online learning to rank (OLTR) aims to learn a ranker directly from implicit feedback derived from users' interactions, such as clicks. Clicks however are a biased signal: specifically, top-ranked documents are likely to attract more clicks…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Shengyao Zhuang , Zhihao Qiao , Guido Zuccon

Preference learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced significantly, yet existing methods remain limited by modest performance gains, high computational costs, hyperparameter sensitivity, and insufficient modeling of global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liang Zhu , Yuelin Bai , Xiankun Ren , Jiaxi Yang , Lei Zhang , Feiteng Fang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Minghuan Tan , Min Yang

Designing reliable decision strategies for autonomous urban driving is challenging. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to automatically derive suitable behavior in uncertain environments, but it does not provide any guarantee on the…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning generative models, but its reliance on learned reward models makes it vulnerable to mis-specification and reward hacking. Preference-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Reinforcement learning algorithms need exploration to learn. However, unsupervised exploration prevents the deployment of such algorithms on safety-critical tasks and limits real-world deployment. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Sven Gronauer , Tom Haider , Felippe Schmoeller da Roza , Klaus Diepold

In inaccessible environments with uncertain task demands, robots often rely on general-purpose tools that lack predefined usage strategies. These tools are not tailored for particular operations, making their longevity highly sensitive to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Po-Yen Wu , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Yuki Kadokawa , Takamitsu Matsubara

The recent success of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) heavily hinges on massive labeled data, which typically produces inferior performance in low-resource scenarios. To remedy this dilemma, we study self-training as one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Jianing Wang , Qiushi Sun , Nuo Chen , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Ming Gao , Xiang Li