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One of the most common statistics computed over data elements is the number of distinct keys. A thread of research pioneered by Flajolet and Martin three decades ago culminated in the design of optimal approximate counting sketches, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Edith Cohen

Sketch-based streaming algorithms allow efficient processing of big data. These algorithms use small fixed-size storage to store a summary ("sketch") of the input data, and use probabilistic algorithms to estimate the desired quantity.…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Reuven Cohen , Liran Katzir , Aviv Yehezkel

Join ordering is a key factor in query performance, yet traditional cost-based optimizers often produce sub-optimal plans due to inaccurate cardinality estimates in multi-predicate, multi-join queries. Existing alternatives such as…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-26 David Justen , Matthias Boehm

Today's graphs used in domains such as machine learning or social network analysis may contain hundreds of billions of edges. Yet, they are not necessarily stored efficiently, and standard graph representations such as adjacency lists waste…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Maciej Besta , Dimitri Stanojevic , Tijana Zivic , Jagpreet Singh , Maurice Hoerold , Torsten Hoefler

Cardinality estimation algorithms receive a stream of elements, with possible repetitions, and return the number of distinct elements in the stream. Such algorithms seek to minimize the required memory and CPU resource consumption at the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Reuven Cohen , Yuval Nezri

With the increasing rate of data generated by critical systems, estimating functions on streaming data has become essential. This demand has driven numerous advancements in algorithms designed to efficiently query and analyze one or more…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Mike Heddes , Igor Nunes , Tony Givargis , Alex Nicolau

Count-Min Sketch is a widely adopted algorithm for approximate event counting in large scale processing. However, the original version of the Count-Min-Sketch (CMS) suffers of some deficiences, especially if one is interested by the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-02-18 Guillaume Pitel , Geoffroy Fouquier

Estimating the number of distinct elements in a data stream is well understood when repeated elements are identical. In modern settings, however, observations are high-dimensional and noisy, so repeated instances of the same object are only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-18 Nikos Tsikouras , Constantine Caramanis , Christos Tzamos

We introduce a new sub-linear space sketch---the Weight-Median Sketch---for learning compressed linear classifiers over data streams while supporting the efficient recovery of large-magnitude weights in the model. This enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Kai Sheng Tai , Vatsal Sharan , Peter Bailis , Gregory Valiant

A $(1 \pm \epsilon)$-sparsifier of a hypergraph $G(V,E)$ is a (weighted) subgraph that preserves the value of every cut to within a $(1 \pm \epsilon)$-factor. It is known that every hypergraph with $n$ vertices admits a $(1 \pm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sanjeev Khanna , Aaron L. Putterman , Madhu Sudan

Monitoring streams of packets at 100~Gb/s and beyond requires using compact and efficient hashing-techniques like HyperLogLog (HLL) or Count-Min Sketch (CMS). In this work, we evaluate the uses and applications of Count-Min Sketch for Metro…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-24 José A. Hernández , Davide Scano , Filippo Cugini , Gonzalo Martínez , Natalia Koneva , Alvaro Sánchez-Macián , Óscar González de Dios

Matrix sketching is a recently developed data compression technique. An input matrix A is efficiently approximated with a smaller matrix B, so that B preserves most of the properties of A up to some guaranteed approximation ratio. In so…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-03 Roberta Falcone , Angela Montanari , Laura Anderlucci

We present DegreeSketch, a semi-streaming distributed sketch data structure and demonstrate its utility for estimating local neighborhood sizes and local triangle count heavy hitters on massive graphs. DegreeSketch consists of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Benjamin W. Priest

We study the problem of sketching an input graph, so that given the sketch, one can estimate the weight of any cut in the graph within factor $1+\epsilon$. We present lower and upper bounds on the size of a randomized sketch, focusing on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Alexandr Andoni , Robert Krauthgamer , David P. Woodruff

We study sketching and streaming algorithms for the Longest Common Subsequence problem (LCS) on strings of small alphabet size $|\Sigma|$. For the problem of deciding whether the LCS of strings $x,y$ has length at least $L$, we obtain a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Karl Bringmann , Bhaskar Ray Chaudhury

Count distinct or cardinality estimates are widely used in network monitoring for security. They can be used, for example, to detect the malware spread, network scans, or a denial of service attack. There are many algorithms to estimate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Pedro Reviriego , Daniel Ting

Cardinality sketches are compact data structures that efficiently estimate the number of distinct elements across multiple queries while minimizing storage, communication, and computational costs. However, recent research has shown that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Edith Cohen , Mihir Singhal , Uri Stemmer

Large, distributed data streams are now ubiquitous. High-accuracy sketches with low memory overhead have become the de facto method for analyzing this data. For instance, if we wish to group data by some label and report the largest counts…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Homin K. Lee , Charles Masson

We develop a framework for graph sparsification and sketching, based on a new tool, short cycle decomposition -- a decomposition of an unweighted graph into an edge-disjoint collection of short cycles, plus few extra edges. A simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Timothy Chu , Yu Gao , Richard Peng , Sushant Sachdeva , Saurabh Sawlani , Junxing Wang

Document sketching using Jaccard similarity has been a workable effective technique in reducing near-duplicates in Web page and image search results, and has also proven useful in file system synchronization, compression and learning…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Bernhard Haeupler , Mark Manasse , Kunal Talwar