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The energy cost of erasing quantum states depends on our knowledge of the states. We show that learning algorithms can acquire such knowledge to erase many copies of an unknown state at the optimal energy cost. This is proved by showing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Haimeng Zhao , Yuzhen Zhang , John Preskill

Erasure of information stored in a quantum state requires energy cost and is inherently an irreversible operation. If quantumness of a system is physical, does erasure of quantum correlation as measured by discord also need some energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-24 Arun Kumar Pati

Information is central to thermodynamics, providing the grounds to the formulation of the theory in powerful abstract statistical terms. One must not forget, however, that, as put by Landauer, {\it information is physical}. This means that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 T. Croucher , J. Wright , A. R. R. Carvalho , S. M. Barnett , J. A. Vaccaro

We analyze an engine whose working fluid consists of a single quantum particle, paralleling Szilard's construction of a classical single-particle engine. Following his resolution of Maxwell's Second Law paradox using the latter, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Maryam Ashrafi , Kyle J. Ray , Fabio Anza , James P. Crutchfield

Erasing memory is a fundamental operational task in quantum information processing, governed by Landauer's principle, which links information loss to thermodynamic work. We introduce and analyze assisted quantum erasure, where correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Mir Alimuddin , Nathan Shettell , Raja Yehia , Antonio Acín , Federico Centrone

We present a thermodynamic analysis of a quantum engine that uses a single quantum particle as its working fluid, inspired by Szilard's classical single-particle engine. Our design is modeled after the classically-chaotic Szilard Map and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Srinivasa Rao. P

We show that information in quantum memory can be erased and recovered perfectly if it is necessary. That the final states of environment are completely determined by the initial states of the system allows that an easure operation can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Qing-Yu Cai

We present a computational model for Szilard's engine and the information discarding process. Taking advantage of a fact that the one is essentially the reversed cycle of the other, we can discuss the both by employing the same model.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takahiro Hatano , Shin-ichi Sasa

The energy cost of erasing a bit of information was fundamentally lower bounded by Landauer, in terms of the temperature of its environment: $W\geq k_\mathrm{B} T \ln 2$. However, in real electronic devices, the information-bearing system…

The erasure of information is fundamentally an irreversible logical operation, carrying profound consequences for the energetics of computation and information processing. We investigate the thermodynamic costs associated with erasing (and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Himanshu Badhani , Dhanuja GS , Swati Choudhary , Vishal Anand , Siddhartha Das

We demonstrate an information erasure protocol that resets $N$ qubits at once. The method displays exceptional performances in terms of energy cost (it operates nearly at Landauer energy cost $kT \ln 2$), time duration ($\sim \mu s$) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Lorenzo Buffoni , Michele Campisi

The erasure of a bit of information encoded in a physical system is an irreversible operation bound to dissipate an amount of energy $Q = k_\text{B} T\ln 2$. As a result, work $W \geq Q$ has to be applied to the physical system to restore…

In a classic thought experiment, Szilard suggested a heat engine where a single particle, for example an atom or a molecule, is confined in a container coupled to a single heat bath. The container can be separated into two parts by a…

Landauer's erasure principle is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and information theory. According to this principle, erasing information incurs a minimum energy cost. Recently, Vaccaro and Barnett [Proc. R. Soc {\bf 467}, 1770 (2011)]…

The quantum eraser is a variation of the celebrated Young's interference experiment that can be used to demonstrate the elusive complementarity principle in quantum physics. Here we show the construction of its classical analogue for…

Physics Education · Physics 2022-04-28 Aarushi Khandelwal , Jit Bin Joseph Tan , Tze Kwang Leong , Yarong Yang , T Venkatesan , Hariom Jani

The quantum measurement problem is revisited and discussed in terms of a new solvable measurement model which basic ingredient is the quantum model of a controlled single-bit memory. The structure of this model involving strongly coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-22 Robert Alicki

In thermodynamics one considers thermal systems and the maximization of entropy subject to the conservation of energy. A consequence is Landauer's erasure principle, which states that the erasure of 1 bit of information requires a minimum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Stephen M. Barnett , Joan A. Vaccaro

Landauer's principle states that the erasure of one bit of information requires the free energy kT ln 2. We argue that the reliability of the bit erasure process is bounded by the accuracy inherent in the statistical state of the energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Pawel Wocjan , Robert Zeier , Rubino Geiss , Thomas Beth

The quantum Szilard engine (QSZE) is a conceptual quantum engine for understanding the fundamental physics of quantum thermodynamics and information physics. We generalize the QSZE to an arbitrary spin case, i.e., a spin QSZE (SQSZE), and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-03 Zekun Zhuang , Shi-Dong Liang

Starting from Landauer's slogan "information is physical," we revise and modify Landauer's principle stating that the erasure of information has a minimal price in the form of a certain quantity of free energy. We establish a direct link…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Ämin Baumeler , Stefan Wolf
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