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This paper introduces a holistic perception system for internal and external monitoring of autonomous vehicles, with the aim of demonstrating a novel AI-leveraged self-adaptive framework of advanced vehicle technologies and solutions that…

Perception is a safety-critical function of autonomous vehicles and machine learning (ML) plays a key role in its implementation. This position paper identifies (1) perceptual uncertainty as a performance measure used to define safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay

Perception algorithms that provide estimates of their uncertainty are crucial to the development of autonomous robots that can operate in challenging and uncontrolled environments. Such perception algorithms provide the means for having…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Sadegh Rabiee , Joydeep Biswas

We consider perception-based control using state estimates that are obtained from high-dimensional sensor measurements via learning-enabled perception maps. However, these perception maps are not perfect and result in state estimation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Shuo Yang , George J. Pappas , Rahul Mangharam , Lars Lindemann

The advancement of automated vehicles introduces complex safety challenges, particularly in dynamic and unpredictable environments where AI-enabled perception systems must operate reliably. Ensuring compliance with safety standards such as…

Future autonomous systems promise significant societal benefits, yet their deployment raises concerns about safety and trustworthiness. A key concern is assuring the reliability of robot perception, as perception seeds safe decision-making.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Troi Williams

Contemporary artificial intelligence systems are pivotal in enhancing human efficiency and safety across various domains. One such domain is autonomous systems, especially in automotive and defense use cases. Artificial intelligence brings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jason M. Pittman

Provable safety is one of the most critical challenges in automated driving. The behavior of numerous traffic participants in a scene cannot be predicted reliably due to complex interdependencies and the indiscriminate behavior of humans.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Piotr Franciszek Orzechowski , Annika Meyer , Martin Lauer

Autonomous cars have to navigate in dynamic environment which can be full of uncertainties. The uncertainties can come either from sensor limitations such as occlusions and limited sensor range, or from probabilistic prediction of other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Liting Sun , Wei Zhan , Ching-Yao Chan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

When we rely on deep-learned models for robotic perception, we must recognize that these models may behave unreliably on inputs dissimilar from the training data, compromising the closed-loop system's safety. This raises fundamental…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Rohan Sinha , Edward Schmerling , Marco Pavone

Perception algorithms are ubiquitous in modern autonomy stacks, providing necessary environmental information to operate in the real world. Many of these algorithms depend on the visibility of keypoints, which must remain within the robot's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Christopher R. Hayner , John M. Carson , Behçet Açıkmeşe , Karen Leung

Robot learning methods have recently made great strides, but generalization and robustness challenges still hinder their widespread deployment. Failing to detect and address potential failures renders state-of-the-art learning systems not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Huihan Liu , Shivin Dass , Roberto Martín-Martín , Yuke Zhu

Traffic light perception is an essential component of the camera-based perception system for autonomous vehicles, enabling accurate detection and interpretation of traffic lights to ensure safe navigation through complex urban environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Rupert Polley , Nikolai Polley , Dominik Heid , Marc Heinrich , Sven Ochs , J. Marius Zöllner

The ability to detect learned objects regardless of their appearance is crucial for autonomous systems in real-world applications. Especially for detecting humans, which is often a fundamental task in safety-critical applications, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Franziska Schwaiger , Andrea Matic , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann

Autonomous racing provides the opportunity to test safety-critical perception pipelines at their limit. This paper describes the practical challenges and solutions to applying state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms to build a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Kieran Strobel , Sibo Zhu , Raphael Chang , Skanda Koppula

Autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and drones, have made significant strides in recent years by leveraging visual inputs and machine learning for decision-making and control. Despite their impressive performance, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Aryaman Gupta , Kaustav Chakraborty , Somil Bansal

Runtime monitors assess whether a system is in an unsafe state based on a stream of observations. We study the problem where the system is subject to probabilistic uncertainty and described by a hidden Markov model. A stream of observations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Luko van der Maas , Sebastian Junges

Autonomous systems operating in unknown environments often rely heavily on visual sensor data, yet making safe and informed control decisions based on these measurements remains a significant challenge. To facilitate the integration of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Jelena Trisovic , Andrea Carron , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Learning-based perception and prediction modules in modern autonomous driving systems typically rely on expensive human annotation and are designed to perceive only a handful of predefined object categories. This closed-set paradigm is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahyar Najibi , Jingwei Ji , Yin Zhou , Charles R. Qi , Xinchen Yan , Scott Ettinger , Dragomir Anguelov

The primary focus of autonomous driving research is to improve driving accuracy. While great progress has been made, state-of-the-art algorithms still fail at times. Such failures may have catastrophic consequences. It therefore is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Simon Hecker , Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool