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Image matting is a fundamental computer vision problem and has many applications. Previous algorithms have poor performance when an image has similar foreground and background colors or complicated textures. The main reasons are prior…

A method for optimal reduction of data taken with multi-fiber spectrographs is described, based on global correction of their geometrical distortion. Though it was specifically developed for reducing observations performed at Palomar…

Anomaly detectors address the difficult problem of detecting automatically exceptions in an arbitrary background image. Detection methods have been proposed by the thousands because each problem requires a different background model. By…

Angular and spectral differential imaging is an observational technique of choice to investigate the immediate vicinity of stars. The relative angular motion and spectral scaling between on-axis and off-axis sources are exploited by…

I present a technique to remove the residual OH airglow emission from near infrared spectra. Historically, the need to subtract out the strong and variable OH airglow emission lines from 1-2.5um spectra has imposed severe restrictions on…

The global 21 cm signal from the hyperfine transition of cosmic atomic hydrogen is theorised to track the state of the early Universe via the analysis of its absorption and emission with respect to the radio background. Detecting this…

When imaging through a semi-reflective medium such as glass, the reflection of another scene can often be found in the captured images. It degrades the quality of the images and affects their subsequent analyses. In this paper, a novel deep…

I present a family of algorithms to reduce noise in astrophysical im- ages and image sequences, preserving more information from the original data than is retained by conventional techniques. The family uses locally adaptive filters ("noise…

Signal decomposition is a classical problem in signal processing, which aims to separate an observed signal into two or more components each with its own property. Usually each component is described by its own subspace or dictionary.…

Atmospheric aerosols have a major influence on the earths climate and public health. Hence, studying their properties and recovering them from light scattering measurements is of great importance. State of the art retrieval methods such as…

This paper proposes a new technique based on nonlinear Adaptive Median filter (AMF) for image restoration. Image denoising is a common procedure in digital image processing aiming at the removal of noise, which may corrupt an image during…

Many post-processing algorithms have been developed in order to better separate the signal of a companion from the bright light of the host star, but the effect of such algorithms on the shape of exoplanet spectra extracted from integral…

Satellite images hold great promise for continuous environmental monitoring and earth observation. Occlusions cast by clouds, however, can severely limit coverage, making ground information extraction more difficult. Existing pipelines…

With the growing amount of astronomical data, there is an increasing need for automated data processing pipelines, which can extract scientific information from observation data without human interventions. A critical aspect of these…

Identifying the relevant input features that have a critical influence on the output results is indispensable for the development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Remove-and-Retrain (ROAR) is a widely accepted approach for…

We propose a new method to retrieve the optical depth of Martian aerosols (AOD) from OMEGA and CRISM hyperspectral imagery at a reference wavelength of 1 {\mu}m. Our method works even if the underlying surface is completely made of…

Accurate retrieval of surface solar radiation (SSR) from satellite imagery critically depends on estimating the background reflectance that a spaceborne sensor would observe under clear-sky conditions. Deviations from this baseline can then…

We describe the data reduction algorithms for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) instrument. These algorithms were based on extensive preflight testing and modeling of the Si:As (24 micron) and Ge:Ga (70 and 160 micron)…

An efficient adaptive algorithm for the removal of Salt and Pepper noise from gray scale and color image is presented in this paper. In this proposed method first a 3X3 window is taken and the central pixel of the window is considered as…

Despite the fact that the physics of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies is most naturally expressed in Fourier space, pixelised maps are almost always used in the analysis and simulation of microwave data. A complementary approach…