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Gaussian process (GP) predictors are an important component of many Bayesian approaches to machine learning. However, even a straightforward implementation of Gaussian process regression (GPR) requires O(n^2) space and O(n^3) time for a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-11-06 Krzysztof Chalupka , Christopher K. I. Williams , Iain Murray

Gaussian processes (GP) are a versatile tool in machine learning and computational science. We here consider the case of multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGP) and present low-rank approaches for efficiently computing the posterior mean of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Sebastian Esche , Martin Stoll

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a highly flexible, nonparametric statistical model that are commonly used to fit nonlinear relationships or account for correlation between observations. However, the computational load of fitting a Gaussian…

Computation · Statistics 2023-10-30 Matthew J Heaton , Jacob A. Johnson

Gaussian processes (GPs) are highly flexible function estimators used for geospatial analysis, nonparametric regression, and machine learning, but they are computationally infeasible for large datasets. Vecchia approximations of GPs have…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-22 Matthias Katzfuss , Joseph Guinness , Wenlong Gong , Daniel Zilber

Fitting a theoretical model to experimental data in a Bayesian manner using Markov chain Monte Carlo typically requires one to evaluate the model thousands (or millions) of times. When the model is a slow-to-compute physics simulation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-25 Steven Stetzler , Michael Grosskopf , Earl Lawrence

Gaussian processes scale prohibitively with the size of the dataset. In response, many approximation methods have been developed, which inevitably introduce approximation error. This additional source of uncertainty, due to limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jonathan Wenger , Geoff Pleiss , Marvin Pförtner , Philipp Hennig , John P. Cunningham

Gaussian process (GP) models have received increasing attention in recent years due to their superb prediction accuracy and modeling flexibility. To address the computational burdens of GP models for large-scale datasets, distributed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Haoyuan Chen , Rui Tuo

A key challenge in the practical application of Gaussian processes (GPs) is selecting a proper covariance function. The moving average, or process convolutions, construction of GPs allows some additional flexibility, but still requires…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Thomas M. McDonald , Magnus Ross , Michael T. Smith , Mauricio A. Álvarez

Gaussian process (GP) regression is a powerful interpolation technique due to its flexibility in capturing non-linearity. In this paper, we provide a general framework for understanding the frequentist coverage of point-wise and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-17 Yun Yang , Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati

Conditional density estimation is complicated by multimodality, heteroscedasticity, and strong non-Gaussianity. Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a principled nonparametric framework with calibrated uncertainty, but standard GP regression is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Vardaan Tekriwal , Mark D. Risser , Hengrui Luo , Marcus M. Noack

Scalable Gaussian process (GP) inference is essential for sequential decision-making tasks, yet improving GP scalability remains a challenging problem with many open avenues of research. This paper focuses on iterative GPs, where iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Alan Yufei Dong , Jihao Andreas Lin , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Sparse pseudo-point approximations for Gaussian process (GP) models provide a suite of methods that support deployment of GPs in the large data regime and enable analytic intractabilities to be sidestepped. However, the field lacks a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Thang D. Bui , Cuong V. Nguyen , Richard E. Turner

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitously used in sciences and engineering as metamodels. Standard GPs, however, can only handle numerical or quantitative variables. In this paper, we introduce latent map Gaussian processes (LMGPs) that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-13 Nicholas Oune , Ramin Bostanabad

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an important tool in machine learning and statistics with applications ranging from social and natural science through engineering. They constitute a powerful kernelized non-parametric method with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Manuel Schürch , Dario Azzimonti , Alessio Benavoli , Marco Zaffalon

Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian nonparametric models for function approximation with principled predictive uncertainty estimates. Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multilayer generalizations of GPs that can represent complex marginal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Qiuxian Meng , Yongyou Zhang

We consider Bayesian inference problems with computationally intensive likelihood functions. We propose a Gaussian process (GP) based method to approximate the joint distribution of the unknown parameters and the data. In particular, we…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-15 Hongqiao Wang , Jinglai Li

Dynamic behavior of traffic adversely affect the performance of the prediction models in intelligent transportation applications. This study applies Gaussian processes (GPs) to traffic speed prediction. Such predictions can be used by…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-25 Gurcan Comert

In many real-world applications we are interested in approximating costly functions that are analytically unknown, e.g. complex computer codes. An emulator provides a fast approximation of such functions relying on a limited number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-02 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Marc Goodfellow , Daniel Williamson

Sequential learning with Gaussian processes (GPs) is challenging when access to past data is limited, for example, in continual and active learning. In such cases, errors can accumulate over time due to inaccuracies in the posterior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Paul E. Chang , Prakhar Verma , S. T. John , Arno Solin , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan

This paper presents a new approach to a robust Gaussian process (GP) regression. Most existing approaches replace an outlier-prone Gaussian likelihood with a non-Gaussian likelihood induced from a heavy tail distribution, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Chiwoo Park , David J. Borth , Nicholas S. Wilson , Chad N. Hunter , Fritz J. Friedersdorf