Related papers: Pushing compute and AI onto detector silicon
The advent of experimental science facilities-instruments and observatories, such as the Large Hadron Collider, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope-has brought about…
The explosive demand for artificial intelligence (AI) workloads has led to a significant increase in silicon area dedicated to lower-precision computations on recent high-performance computing hardware designs. However, mixed-precision…
Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…
The evolution of particle detectors has always pushed the technological limit in order to provide enabling technologies to researchers in all fields of science. One archetypal example is the evolution of silicon detectors, from a system…
The hyperspectral X-ray imaging has been long sought in various fields from material analysis to medical diagnosis. Here we propose a new semiconductor detector structure to realize energy-resolved imaging at potentially low cost. The…
Modern scientific instruments operate under increasingly extreme constraints on bandwidth, latency, and power. Inference at the sensor edge determines experimental data collection efficiency by deciding which information to save for further…
AXIS, a Probe mission concept now in a Phase A study, will provide transformative studies of high-energy astrophysical phenomena thanks to its high-resolution X-ray spectral imaging. These capabilities are enabled by improvements to the…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the LHC…
Significant investments to upgrade and construct large-scale scientific facilities demand commensurate investments in R&D to design algorithms and computing approaches to enable scientific and engineering breakthroughs in the big data era.…
AXIS is a Probe-class mission concept that will provide high-throughput, high-spatial-resolution X-ray spectral imaging, enabling transformative studies of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. To take advantage of the advanced optics and…
Advances in CMOS technology have made high resolution image sensors possible. These image sensor pose significant challenges in terms of the amount of raw data generated, energy efficiency and frame rate. This paper presents a new design…
To take advantage of high-resolution optics sensitive to a broad energy range, future X-ray imaging instruments will require thick detectors with small pixels. This pixel aspect ratio affects spectral response in the soft X-ray band, vital…
In high energy physics point to point resolution is a key prerequisite for particle detector pixel arrays. Current and future experiments require the development of inner-detectors able to resolve the tracks of particles down to the micron…
We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…
A hybrid pixel detector based on the concept of simultaneous charge integration and photon counting will be presented. The second generation of a counting and integrating X-ray prototype CMOS chip (CIX) has been operated with different…
Modern photon science performed at high repetition rate free-electron laser (FEL) facilities and beyond relies on 2D pixel detectors operating at increasing frequencies (towards 100 kHz at LCLS-II) and producing rapidly increasing amounts…
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) technology with large models plays an increasingly important role in both academia and industry. It also brings a rapidly increasing demand for the computing power of the hardware. As the computing…
Area detectors are used in many scientific and technological applications such as particle and radiation physics. Thanks to the recent technological developments, the radiation sources are becoming increasingly brighter and the detectors…
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used in modern artificial intelligence (AI) and smart vision systems but also limited by computation latency, throughput, and energy efficiency on a resource-limited scenario, such as…
Current, state-of-the-art CCDs are close to being able to deliver all key performance figures for future strategic X-ray missions except for the required frame rates. Our Stanford group is seeking to close this technology gap through a…