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In this article, we propose a new hypothesis testing method for directed acyclic graph (DAG). While there is a rich class of DAG estimation methods, there is a relative paucity of DAG inference solutions. Moreover, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-25 Chengchun Shi , Yunzhe Zhou , Lexin Li

Heterogeneous graph neural networks have become popular in various domains. However, their generalizability and interpretability are limited due to the discrepancy between their inherent inference flows and human reasoning logic or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Tianqianjin Lin , Kaisong Song , Zhuoren Jiang , Yangyang Kang , Weikang Yuan , Xurui Li , Changlong Sun , Cui Huang , Xiaozhong Liu

The paper concerns the problem of predicting the effect of actions or interventions on a system from a combination of (i) statistical data on a set of observed variables, and (ii) qualitative causal knowledge encoded in the form of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Carlos Brito , Judea Pearl

Causal graphs are widely used in software engineering to document and explore causal relationships. Though widely used, they may also be wildly misleading. Causal structures generated from SE data can be highly variable. This instability is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jeremy Hulse , Nasir U. Eisty , Tim Menzies

Advances in single-cell omics allow for unprecedented insights into the transcription profiles of individual cells. When combined with large-scale perturbation screens, through which specific biological mechanisms can be targeted, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Alejandro Tejada-Lapuerta , Paul Bertin , Stefan Bauer , Hananeh Aliee , Yoshua Bengio , Fabian J. Theis

We address the problem of causal discovery from data, making use of the recently proposed causal modeling framework of modular structural causal models (mSCM) to handle cycles, latent confounders and non-linearities. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-31 Patrick Forré , Joris M. Mooij

For decades, researchers in fields, such as the natural and social sciences, have been verifying causal relationships and investigating hypotheses that are now well-established or understood as truth. These causal mechanisms are properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Trent Kyono , Mihaela van der Schaar

This paper concerns the assessment of the effects of actions from a combination of nonexperimental data and causal assumptions encoded in the form of a directed acyclic graph in which some variables are presumed to be unobserved. We provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Jin Tian

A cycle double cover (CDC) of an undirected graph is a collection of the graph's cycles such that every edge of the graph belongs to exactly two cycles. We describe a constructive method for generating all the cubic graphs that have a 6-CDC…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-17 Rodrigo S. C. Leao , Valmir C. Barbosa

Criteria for identifying optimal adjustment sets yielding consistent estimation with minimal asymptotic variance of average treatment effects in parametric and nonparametric models have recently been established. In a single treatment time…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-06 David Adenyo , Mireille E Schnitzer , David Berger , Jason R Guertin , Denis Talbot

Statistical relationships in observed data can arise for several different reasons: the observed variables may be causally related, they may share a latent common cause, or there may be selection bias. Each of these scenarios can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Ryan Carey , Marina Maciel Ansanelli , Elie Wolfe , Robin J. Evans

We consider the problem of learning a directed graph $G^\star$ from observational data. We assume that the distribution which gives rise to the samples is Markov and faithful to the graph $G^\star$ and that there are no unobserved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Pardis Semnani , Elina Robeva

The chain graph model admits both undirected and directed edges in one graph, where symmetric conditional dependencies are encoded via undirected edges and asymmetric causal relations are encoded via directed edges. Though frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-29 Ruixuan Zhao , Haoran Zhang , Junhui Wang

Designing model-independent anomaly detection algorithms for analyzing LHC data remains a central challenge in the search for new physics, due to the high dimensionality of collider events. In this work, we develop a graph autoencoder as an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-26 Jack Y. Araz , Dimitrios Athanasakos , Mateusz Ploskon , Felix Ringer

Transporting causal information across populations is a critical challenge in clinical decision-making. Causal modeling provides criteria for identifiability and transportability, but these require knowledge of the causal graph, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Konstantina Lelova , Gregory F. Cooper , Sofia Triantafillou

The causal revolution has stimulated interest in understanding complex relationships in various fields. Most of the existing methods aim to discover causal relationships among all variables within a complex large-scale graph. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Hengrui Cai , Yixin Wang , Michael Jordan , Rui Song

In directed graphs, a cycle can be seen as a structure that allows its vertices to loop back to themselves, or as a structure that allows pairs of vertices to reach each other through distinct paths. We extend these concepts to temporal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Davi de Andrade , Júlio Araújo , Allen Ibiapina , Andrea Marino , Jason Schoeters , Ana Silva

Learning causal relations from observational data is a fundamental problem with wide-ranging applications across many fields. Constraint-based methods infer the underlying causal structure by performing conditional independence tests.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Marc Franquesa Monés , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

Most existing popular methods for learning graph embedding only consider fixed-order global structural features and lack structures hierarchical representation. To address this weakness, we propose a novel graph embedding algorithm named…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Xue Liu , Wei Wei , Xiangnan Feng , Xiaobo Cao , Dan Sun