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Deep Actor-Critic algorithms, which combine Actor-Critic with deep neural network (DNN), have been among the most prevalent reinforcement learning algorithms for decision-making problems in simulated environments. However, the existing deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Kexuan Wang , An Liu , Baishuo Lin

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have significant potential for dialogue policy optimisation. However, they suffer from a poor performance in the early stages of learning. This is especially problematic for on-line learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Pei-Hao Su , Pawel Budzianowski , Stefan Ultes , Milica Gasic , Steve Young

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success, yet its deployment in real-world scenarios is often limited by vulnerability to environmental uncertainties. Distributionally robust RL (DR-RL) algorithms have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingxuan Cui , Duo Zhou , Yuxuan Han , Grani A. Hanasusanto , Qiong Wang , Huan Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou

In precision medicine, Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are treatment protocols that adapt over time in response to a patient's observed characteristics. A DTR is a set of decision functions that takes an individual patient's information as…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-17 Cong Jiang , Michael Wallace , Mary Thompson

We propose a fully distributed actor-critic architecture, named Diff-DAC, with application to multitask reinforcement learning (MRL). During the learning process, agents communicate their value and policy parameters to their neighbours,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Sergio Valcarcel Macua , Ian Davies , Aleksi Tukiainen , Enrique Munoz de Cote

Public policies and medical interventions often involve dynamic treatment assignments, in which individuals receive a sequence of interventions over multiple stages. We study the statistical learning of optimal dynamic treatment regimes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-21 Shosei Sakaguchi

Control of batch processes is a difficult task due to their complex nonlinear dynamics and unsteady-state operating conditions within batch and batch-to-batch. It is expected that some of these challenges can be addressed by developing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-20 Tanuja Joshi , Shikhar Makker , Hariprasad Kodamana , Harikumar Kandath

In the domain of continuous control, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) demonstrates promising results. However, the dependence of DRL on deep neural networks (DNNs) results in the demand for extensive data and increased computational cost.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shiron Thalagala , Pak Kin Wong , Xiaozheng Wang , Tianang Sun

Optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), as a key part of precision medicine, have progressively gained more attention recently. To inform clinical decision making, interpretable and parsimonious models for contrast functions are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Chunyu Wang , Brian Tom

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) consist of a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of intervention, that finds effective treatments for individual patients according to patient information history. DTRs can be estimated from models…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-07 Zeyu Bian , Erica EM Moodie , Susan M Shortreed , Sahir Bhatnagar

Dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs) aim at tailoring individualized sequential treatment rules that maximize cumulative beneficial outcomes by accommodating patients' heterogeneity in decision-making. For many chronic diseases including type…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Mochuan Liu , Yuanjia Wang , Haoda Fu , Donglin Zeng

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) have received an increasing interest in recent years. DTRs are sequences of treatment decision rules tailored to patient-level information. The main goal of the DTR study is to identify an optimal DTR, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-09 Dan Liu , Wenqing He

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based algorithm to jointly train (1) a trajectory planner and (2) a tracking controller in a layered control architecture. Our algorithm arises naturally from a rewrite of the underlying optimal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-18 Fengjun Yang , Nikolai Matni

This paper presents the first deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework to estimate the optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimes from observational medical data. This framework is more flexible and adaptive for high dimensional action and state…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Ning Liu , Ying Liu , Brent Logan , Zhiyuan Xu , Jian Tang , Yanzhi Wang

Off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) is concerned with learning a rewarding policy by executing another policy that gathers samples of experience. While the former policy (i.e. target policy) is rewarding but in-expressive (in most cases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Anji Liu , Yitao Liang , Guy Van den Broeck

In the context of continuously rising global air traffic, efficient and safe Conflict Detection and Resolution (CD&R) is paramount for air traffic management. Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a promising pathway for CD&R…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tonghe Li , Jixin Liu , Weili Zeng , Hao Jiang

In offline reinforcement learning, it is necessary to manage out-of-distribution actions to prevent overestimation of value functions. One class of methods, the policy-regularized method, addresses this problem by constraining the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Linjiajie Fang , Ruoxue Liu , Jing Zhang , Wenjia Wang , Bing-Yi Jing

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are critical to precision medicine, optimizing long-term outcomes through personalized, real-time decision-making in evolving clinical contexts, but require careful supervision for unsafe treatment risks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yishan Shen , Yuyang Ye , Hui Xiong , Yong Chen

Effective patient monitoring is vital for timely interventions and improved healthcare outcomes. Traditional monitoring systems often struggle to handle complex, dynamic environments with fluctuating vital signs, leading to delays in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Feng Zhao , Jianming Yong

Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces significant challenges in adaptive healthcare interventions, such as dementia care, where data is scarce, decisions require interpretability, and underlying patient-state dynamic are complex and causal in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenzheng Zhao , Ran Zhang , Ruth Palan Lopez , Shu-Fen Wung , Fengpei Yuan