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The chemical composition of the earths atmosphere far from equilibrium is unique in the solar system and has been attributed to the presence of widespread life. Here I show that this perspective can be quantified using non-equilibrium…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-27 Axel Kleidon

Life is a complex biological phenomenon represented by numerous chemical, physical and biological processes performed by a biothermodynamic system/cell/organism. Both living organisms and inanimate objects are subject to aging, a biological…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-25 Marko Popovic

A geometric foundation thermo-statistics is presented with the only axiomatic assumption of Boltzmann's principle S(E,N,V)=k\ln W. This relates the entropy to the geometric area e^{S(E,N,V)/k} of the manifold of constant energy in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-23 D. H. E. Gross

We show that thermodynamics can be formulated naturally from the intrinsic geometry of phase space alone-without postulating an ensemble, which instead emerges from the geometric structure itself. Within this formulation, phase transitions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-03 Loris Di Cairano

This work is focused on the exploration of the thermodynamics foundations of the matter creation scenario when a generalized form of the second law of thermodynamics for this scheme is implemented. In this scenario we consider an expanding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-23 Víctor H. Cárdenas , Miguel Cruz , Samuel Lepe

People are well aware that, inherently, certain small-scale nonchaotic particle movements are not governed by thermodynamics. Usually, such phenomena are studied by kinetic theory and their energy properties are considered "trivial". In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 Yu Qiao , Zhaoru Shang

We seek here to unify the second law of thermodynamics with the other laws, or at least to put up a law behind the second law of thermodynamics. Assuming no fine tuning, concretely by a random Hamiltonian, we argue just from equations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

Several models of quantum open systems are known at present to violate, according to principles of the standard quantum theory of open systems, the second law of thermodynamics. Here, a new and rather trivial model of another type is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Capek

The present work shows that the second law of thermodynamics gets naturally satisfied during the entire cosmic evolution of the universe starting from inflation to the late dark energy era, without imposing any exotic condition. This makes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-05 Sergei D. Odintsov , Tanmoy Paul , Soumitra SenGupta

In textbooks on statistical mechanics, one finds often arguments based on classical mechanics, phase space and ergodicity in order to justify the second law of thermodynamics. However, the basic equations of motion of classical mechanics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-08-28 Barbara Drossel

It is shown that the structure of thermodynamics is "form invariant", when it is derived using maximum entropy principle for various choices of entropy and even beyond equilibrium. By the form invariance of thermodynamics, it is meant that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-12 Avijit Misra , Uttam Singh , Manabendra Nath Bera , A. K. Rajagopal

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently shown to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Ongoing efforts have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Cyril Elouard , Camille Lombard Latune

In this paper, we study the nonlinear electrodynamics in the framework of $f(T)$ gravity for FRW universe along with dust matter, magnetic and torsion contributions. We evaluate the equation of state and deceleration parameters to explore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 M. Sharif , Shamaila Rani

Previously derived "global" thermodynamic speed limit theorems state that increasing the maximum speed with which a system can evolve between two given probability distributions over its states requires the system to produce more entropy in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-07 Farita Tasnim , David H. Wolpert

The essence of the second law of classical thermodynamics is the `entropy principle' which asserts the existence of an additive and extensive entropy function, S, that is defined for all equilibrium states of thermodynamic systems and whose…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elliott H. Lieb , Jakob Yngvason

Newton's second law has limited scope of application when transient phenomena are present. We consider a modification of Newton's second law in order to take into account a sudden change (surge) of angular momentum or linear momentum. We…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-03-22 Mario J. Pinheiro , Marcus Büker

Understanding the thermodynamic function of life may shed light on its origin. Life, as are all irreversible processes, is contingent on entropy production. Entropy production is a measure of the rate of the tendency of Nature to explore…

General Physics · Physics 2014-03-03 K. Michaelian

A pair of symmetric expressions for the second law of thermodynamics is put forward. The conservation and transfer of entropy is discussed and applied to problems like biology, culture and life itself. A new explanation is given to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wang Zhen

Second law of thermodynamics is applied to a few electronic processes. It is seen that the second law of thermodynamics holds good for all except one mentioned here. The classical approach, based on exact equivalence of emission and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. C. Gupta , Ruchi Gupta , Sanjay Gupta

In one of its versions, the Second Law states: "It is impossible to construct an engine which will work in a complete cycle, and produces no effect except the raising of a weight and cooling of a heat reservoir." While the Second Law is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Marcin Łobejko , Paweł Mazurek , Michał Horodecki