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In studies of discrimination, researchers often seek to estimate a causal effect of race or gender on outcomes. For example, in the criminal justice context, one might ask whether arrested individuals would have been subsequently charged or…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-06 Johann Gaebler , William Cai , Guillaume Basse , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel , Jennifer Hill

Phase-amplitude coupling is a phenomenon observed in several neurological processes, where the phase of one signal modulates the amplitude of another signal with a distinct frequency. The modulation index (MI) is a common technique used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-10 Marco Antonio Pinto-Orellana , Hernando Ombao , Beth Lopour

Multi-level normal hierarchical models, also interpreted as mixed effects models, play an important role in developing statistical theory in multi-parameter estimation for a wide range of applications. In this article, we propose a novel…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Aditi Sen , Masayo Y. Hirose , Partha Lahiri

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a fundamental modality for cognitive state monitoring in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, it is highly susceptible to intrinsic signal errors and human-induced labeling errors, which lead to label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hyo-Jeong Jang , Hye-Bin Shin , Seong-Whan Lee

A fundamental challenge in affective cognitive science is to develop models that accurately capture the relationship between external emotional stimuli and human internal experiences. While ANNs have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Haotian Deng , Chi Zhang , Chen Wei , Quanying Liu

This paper concerns robust inference on average treatment effects following model selection. In the selection on observables framework, we show how to construct confidence intervals based on a doubly-robust estimator that are robust to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Max H. Farrell

Uncertainty in probabilistic classifiers predictions is a key concern when models are used to support human decision making, in broader probabilistic pipelines or when sensitive automatic decisions have to be taken. Studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nicolas Posocco , Antoine Bonnefoy

Linearly transforming stimulus representations of deep neural networks yields high-performing models of behavioral and neural responses to complex stimuli. But does the test accuracy of such predictions identify genuine representational…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-05 Itamar Avitan , Tal Golan

Perceptual judgments of sequential stimuli are systematically biased by prior expectations and by the temporal structure of sensory input. In haptic discrimination tasks, these effects often manifest as time-order asymmetries, whereby the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-22 Gastón Avetta , Jose Lobera , Juan José Zárate , Inés Samengo , Damián G. Hernández

Real-life data are often non-IID due to complex distributions and interactions, and the sensitivity to the distribution of samples can differ among learning models. Accordingly, a key question for any supervised or unsupervised model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao

In a standard classification framework a set of trustworthy learning data are employed to build a decision rule, with the final aim of classifying unlabelled units belonging to the test set. Therefore, unreliable labelled observations,…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-20 Andrea Cappozzo , Francesca Greselin , Thomas Brendan Murphy

We study the problem of mismatched binary hypothesis testing between i.i.d. distributions. We analyze the tradeoff between the pairwise error probability exponents when the actual distributions generating the observation are different from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Parham Boroumand , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

The principle of maximum entropy provides a useful method for inferring statistical mechanics models from observations in correlated systems, and is widely used in a variety of fields where accurate data are available. While the assumptions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-02 Ulisse Ferrari , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Thierry Mora

Human brain response is the overall ability of the brain in analyzing internal and external stimuli in the form of transferred energy to the mind/brain phase-space and thus, making the proper decisions. During the last decade scientists…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-04-04 Hamidreza Namazi , Vladimir V. Kulish

A new brain model is introduced, based on the Impulse Pattern Formulation (IPF) already established for modeling and understanding musical instrument and rhythm perception and production. It assumes the brain works with impulses, neural…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-24 Rolf Bader

A central goal of interpretability is to recover representations of causally relevant concepts from the activations of neural networks. The quality of these concept representations is typically evaluated in isolation, and under implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Aaron Mueller , Andrew Lee , Shruti Joshi , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Dhanya Sridhar , Patrik Reizinger

Neural Posterior Estimation methods for simulation-based inference can be ill-suited for dealing with posterior distributions obtained by conditioning on multiple observations, as they tend to require a large number of simulator calls to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Tomas Geffner , George Papamakarios , Andriy Mnih

Effect size indices are useful tools in study design and reporting because they are unitless measures of association strength that do not depend on sample size. Existing effect size indices are developed for particular parametric models or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Simon Vandekar , Ran Tao , Jeffrey Blume

Covariate balance is a conventional key diagnostic for methods used estimating causal effects from observational studies. Recently, there is an emerging interest in directly incorporating covariate balance in the estimation. We study a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-14 Qingyuan Zhao , Daniel Percival

We introduce estimation and test procedures through divergence minimization for models satisfying linear constraints with unknown parameter. Several statistical examples and motivations are given. These procedures extend the empirical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-24 Michel Broniatowski , Amor Keziou