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Medical events of interest, such as mortality, often happen at a low rate in electronic medical records, as most admitted patients survive. Training models with this imbalance rate (class density discrepancy) may lead to suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Zepeng Huo , Xiaoning Qian , Shuai Huang , Zhangyang Wang , Bobak J. Mortazavi

Imbalanced problems can arise in different real-world situations, and to address this, certain strategies in the form of resampling or balancing algorithms are proposed. This issue has largely been studied in the context of classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Juscimara G. Avelino , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Medical diagnosis might fail due to bias. In this work, we identified class-feature bias, which refers to models' potential reliance on features that are strongly correlated with only a subset of classes, leading to biased performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lishi Zuo , Man-Wai Mak , Lu Yi , Youzhi Tu

This work aims to analyze standard evaluation practices adopted by the research community when assessing chest x-ray classifiers, particularly focusing on the impact of class imbalance in such appraisals. Our analysis considers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Candelaria Mosquera , Luciana Ferrer , Diego Milone , Daniel Luna , Enzo Ferrante

To address the challenges of imbalanced multi-class datasets typically used for rare event detection in critical cyber-physical systems, we propose an optimal, efficient, and adaptable mixed integer programming (MIP) ensemble weighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Georgios Tertytchny , Georgios L. Stavrinides , Maria K. Michael

Text classification is one of the most frequent tasks for processing textual data, facilitating among others research from large-scale datasets. Embeddings of different kinds have recently become the de facto standard as features used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Arkaitz Zubiaga

In imbalanced multi-class classification problems, the misclassification rate as an error measure may not be a relevant choice. Several methods have been developed where the performance measure retained richer information than the mere…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Sokol Koço , Cécile Capponi

In many application domains such as medicine, information retrieval, cybersecurity, social media, etc., datasets used for inducing classification models often have an unequal distribution of the instances of each class. This situation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Mohamed S. Kraiem , Fernando Sánchez-Hernández , María N. Moreno-García

Class-wise characteristics of training examples affect the performance of deep classifiers. A well-studied example is when the number of training examples of classes follows a long-tailed distribution, a situation that is likely to yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Z. S. Baltaci , K. Oksuz , S. Kuzucu , K. Tezoren , B. K. Konar , A. Ozkan , E. Akbas , S. Kalkan

We consider the link prediction problem in a partially observed network, where the objective is to make predictions in the unobserved portion of the network. Many existing methods reduce link prediction to binary classification problem.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-23 Bopeng Li , Sougata Chaudhuri , Ambuj Tewari

This paper deals with the binary classification task when the target class has the lower probability of occurrence. In such situation, it is not possible to build a powerful classifier by using standard methods such as logistic regression,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-26 Cheikh Ndour , Aliou Diop , Simplice Dossou-Gbété

Class imbalance, where certain classes have insufficient data, poses a critical challenge for robust classification, often biasing models toward majority classes. Distribution calibration offers a promising avenue to address this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Priyobrata Mondal , Faizanuddin Ansari , Swagatam Das

Imbalance learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning tasks in the presence of class imbalance. Nearly all existing studies refer to class imbalance as a proportion imbalance, where the proportion of training samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ou Wu

Few-shot Learning aims to learn classifiers for new classes with only a few training examples per class. Existing meta-learning or metric-learning based few-shot learning approaches are limited in handling diverse domains with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Yu Cheng , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Bowen Zhou

In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Mateusz Buda , Atsuto Maki , Maciej A. Mazurowski

In this study, we compared the performance of four different methods for multi label text classification using a specific imbalanced business dataset. The four methods we evaluated were fine tuned BERT, Binary Relevance, Classifier Chains,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Muhammad Arslan , Christophe Cruz

How can one meaningfully make a measurement, if the meter does not conform to any standard and its scale expands or shrinks depending on what is measured? In the present work it is argued that current evaluation practices for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 K. Dyrland , A. S. Lundervold , P. G. L. Porta Mana

A common problem in health research is that we have a large database with many variables measured on a large number of individuals. We are interested in measuring additional variables on a subsample; these measurements may be newly…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-22 Thomas Lumley , Tong Chen

We describe a general framework for weighted parametric multiple test procedures based on the closure principle. We utilize general weighting strategies that can reflect complex study objectives and include many procedures in the literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-14 Dong Xi , Ekkehard Glimm , Willi Maurer , Frank Bretz

Sample weighting is widely used in deep learning. A large number of weighting methods essentially utilize the learning difficulty of training samples to calculate their weights. In this study, this scheme is called difficulty-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Xiaoling Zhou , Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Ziyang Liang