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We introduce a quadratically-constrained approximation (QCAC) of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem. Unlike existing approximations like the DC-OPF, our model does not rely on typical assumptions such as high reactance-to-resistance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , Can Li

Training learning parameterizations to solve optimal power flow (OPF) with pointwise constraints is proposed. In this novel training approach, a learning parameterization is substituted directly into an OPF problem with constraints required…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Damian Owerko , Anna Scaglione , Alejandro Ribeiro

Obtaining good initial conditions to solve the Newton-Raphson (NR) based ac power flow (ACPF) problem can be a very difficult task. In this paper, we propose a framework to obtain the initial bus voltage magnitude and phase values that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Liangjie Chen , Joseph Euzebe Tate

We present a scalable solution method based on an alternating direction method of multipliers and graphics processing units (GPUs) for rapidly computing and tracking a solution of alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem. Such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Youngdae Kim , Kibaek Kim

Electric power grids are essential components of modern life, delivering reliable power to end-users while adhering to a multitude of engineering constraints and requirements. In grid operations, the Optimal Power Flow problem plays a key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Mostafa Mohammadian , Anna Van Boven , Kyri Baker

An effective means for analyzing the impact of novel operating schemes on power systems is time domain simulation, for example for investigating optimization-based curtailment of renewables to alleviate voltage violations. Traditionally,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Sandro Merkli , Alexander Domahidi , Juan Jerez , Manfred Morari , Roy S. Smith

Convex relaxations of the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem are essential not only for identifying the globally optimal solution but also for enabling the use of OPF formulations in Bilevel Programming and Mathematical Programs with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lucien Bobo , Andreas Venzke , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is an optimization problem critical for planning and operating the power grid. The problem is traditionally formulated using only continuous variables. Typically, control devices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Timothy McNamara , Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

Optimal power flow (OPF) over power transmission networks poses challenging large-scale nonlinear optimization problems, which involve a large number of quadratic equality and indefinite quadratic inequality constraints. These…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Y. Shi , H. D. Tuan , P. Apkarian , A. V. Savkin

DC Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) is widely utilized in power system operations due to its simplicity and computational efficiency. However, its lossless, reactive power-agnostic model often yields dispatches that are infeasible under practical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Michael A. Boateng , Russell Bent , Sidhant Misra , Parikshit Pareek , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Daniel Molzahn

In this paper, we propose a graph neural network architecture to solve the AC power flow problem under realistic constraints. To ensure a safe and resilient operation of distribution grids, AC power flow calculations are the means of choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Luis Böttcher , Hinrikus Wolf , Bastian Jung , Philipp Lutat , Marc Trageser , Oliver Pohl , Andreas Ulbig , Martin Grohe

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) and Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) are fundamental optimization problems in power system operations. ACOPF serves as the physical backbone of grid simulation and real-time operation, enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zeeshan Memon , Yijiang Li , Hongwei Jin , Kibaek Kim , Liang Zhao

The optimal power flow problem plays an important role in the market clearing and operation of electric power systems. However, with increasing uncertainty from renewable energy operation, the optimal operating point of the system changes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-25 Yeesian Ng , Sidhant Misra , Line A. Roald , Scott Backhaus

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy and robustness of optimal power flow (OPF) formulations for distribution systems modeled down to the low-voltage point of connection of individual buildings. An approach for addressing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dakota Hamilton , Loraine Navarro , Dionysios Aliprantis

This paper investigates the role of feasible initial guesses and large consensus-violation penalization in distributed optimization for Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems. Specifically, we discuss the behavior of the Alternating Direction of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Alexander Engelmann , Timm Faulwasser

Deep learning approaches, known for their ability to model complex relationships and fast execution, are increasingly being applied to solve large optimization problems. However, existing methods often face challenges in simultaneously…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Zisheng Zhou , Dengyu Zheng , Zirui Chen , Shixiang Chen

Traditional optimal power flow (OPF) describes the system performance only in a single snapshot while the resulting decisions are applied to an entire time period. Therefore, how well the selected snapshot can represent the entire time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Zongjie Wang , Ge Guo , C. Lindsay Anderson

Probabilistic power flow (PPF) analysis is critical to power system operation and planning. PPF aims at obtaining probabilistic descriptions of the state of the system with stochastic power injections (e.g., renewable power generation and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-23 Kejun Chen , Yu Zhang

Optimisation and simulation models for the design and operation of grid-connected distributed energy systems (DES) often exclude the inherent nonlinearities related to power flow and generation and storage units, to maintain an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Ishanki A. De Mel , Oleksiy V. Klymenko , Michael Short