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Contracts are an essential and fundamental component of commerce and society, serving to clarify agreement between multiple parties. While digital technologies have helped to automate many activities associated with contracting, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-01 John Cummins , Christopher Clack

This dissertation introduces executable refinement types, which refine structural types by semi-decidable predicates, and establishes their metatheory and accompanying implementation techniques. These results are useful for undecidable type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-03-14 Kenneth Knowles

Embedded software systems, e.g. automotive, robotic or automation systems are highly configurable and consist of many software components being available in different variants and versions. To identify the degree of reusability between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Bernhard Rumpe , Christoph Schulze , Michael von Wenckstern , Jan Oliver Ringert , Peter Manhart

Since the discovery of Spectre, a large number of hardware mechanisms for secure speculation has been proposed. Intuitively, more defensive mechanisms are less efficient but can securely execute a larger class of programs, while more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Marco Guarnieri , Boris Köpf , Jan Reineke , Pepe Vila

Smart contracts deployed on blockchains such as Ethereum routinely manage large amounts of assets, making their security critical. Empirical studies show that real-world attacks often exploit flaws in the business logic of contracts that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Massimo Bartoletti , Angelo Ferrando , Enrico Lipparini , Vadim Malvone

The use of function contracts to specify the behavior of functions often remains limited to the scope of a single function call. Relational properties link several function calls together within a single specification. They can express more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lionel Blatter , Nikolai Kosmatov , Virgile Prevosto , Pascale Le Gall

Procurement and inventory planning is governed not only by demand forecasts and bills of materials (BOMs), but also by operational terms in contracts and supplier documents (e.g., MOQs, lead times, price tiers, allocation caps, substitution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sahil Agarwal

Smart contracts are distributed, self-enforcing programs executing on top of blockchain networks. They have the potential to revolutionize many industries such as financial institutes and supply chains. However, smart contracts are subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

We study the design of contracts that incentivize a researcher to conduct a costly experiment, extending the work of Yoder (2022) from binary states to a general state space. The cost is private information of the researcher. When the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Han Wang

The trade-off of secrecy is the difficulty of verification. This trade-off means that contracts must be kept private, yet their compliance needs to be verified, which we call the secrecy-verifiability paradox. However, the existing smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Ha-Thanh Nguyen

This paper introduces assume/guarantee contracts on continuous-time control systems, hereby extending contract theories for discrete systems to certain new model classes and specifications. Contracts are regarded as formal characterizations…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Bart Besselink , Karl H. Johansson , Arjan van der Schaft

This work establishes fundamental principles for verifying contract for interconnected hybrid systems. When system's hybrid arcs conform to the contract for a certain duration but subsequently violate it, the composition of hybrid dynamical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Sadek Belamfedel Alaoui , Adnane Saoud

Although it is possible to increase confidence in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) by reviewing its source code, trusting code is not the same as trusting its executable counterparts. These are typically built and distributed by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Chris Lamb , Stefano Zacchiroli

We propose and develop a framework for validating smart contracts derived from e-contracts. The goal is to ensure the generated smart contracts fulfil all the conditions outlined in their corresponding e-contracts. By confirming alignment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sangharatna Godboley , P. Radha Krishna , Sunkara Sri Harika , Pooja Varnam

Hardware-software contracts are abstract specifications of a CPU's leakage behavior. They enable verifying the security of high-level programs against side-channel attacks without having to explicitly reason about the microarchitectural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Arthur Correnson , Haoyi Zeng , Jana Hofmann

Architecture patterns capture architectural design experience and provide abstract solutions to recurring architectural design problems. They consist of a description of component types and restrict component connection and activation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Diego Marmsoler , Silvio Degenhardt

Software built on poor structural patterns often shows higher exposure to security defects. When code differs from established best practices, verification and maintenance become increasingly difficult, thereby raising the risk of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Masoud Jamshidiyan Tehrani

Context: Smart contracts are computerized self-executing contracts that contain clauses, which are enforced once certain conditions are met. Smart contracts are immutable by design and cannot be modified once deployed, which ensures…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ilham Qasse , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Björn Þór Jónsson

Model checking is an established technique to formally verify automation systems which are required to be trusted. However, for sufficiently complex systems model checking becomes computationally infeasible. On the other hand, testing,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Igor Buzhinsky , Valeriy Vyatkin

We develop a theory of contracting systems, where behavioural contracts may be violated by dishonest participants after they have been agreed upon - unlike in traditional approaches based on behavioural types. We consider the contracts of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-01-31 Massimo Bartoletti , Emilio Tuosto , Roberto Zunino