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Nowadays many financial derivatives, such as American or Bermudan options, are of early exercise type. Often the pricing of early exercise options gives rise to high-dimensional optimal stopping problems, since the dimension corresponds to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Sebastian Becker , Patrick Cheridito , Arnulf Jentzen , Timo Welti

Under the assumption of no-arbitrage, the pricing of American and Bermudan options can be casted into optimal stopping problems. We propose a new adaptive simulation based algorithm for the numerical solution of optimal stopping problems in…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Daniel Egloff , Michael Kohler , Nebojsa Todorovic

We propose the Compound BSDE method, a fully forward, deep-learning-based approach for solving a broad class of problems in financial mathematics, including optimal stopping. The method is based on a reformulation of option pricing problems…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-02 Zhipeng Huang , Cornelis W. Oosterlee

The optimal stopping problem is one of the core problems in financial markets, with broad applications such as pricing American and Bermudan options. The deep BSDE method [Han, Jentzen and E, PNAS, 115(34):8505-8510, 2018] has shown great…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-28 Chengfan Gao , Siping Gao , Ruimeng Hu , Zimu Zhu

We consider high-dimensional asset price models that are reduced in their dimension in order to reduce the complexity of the problem or the effect of the curse of dimensionality in the context of option pricing. We apply model order…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Martin Redmann , Christian Bayer , Pawan Goyal

In this paper we develop a deep learning method for optimal stopping problems which directly learns the optimal stopping rule from Monte Carlo samples. As such, it is broadly applicable in situations where the underlying randomness can…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Sebastian Becker , Patrick Cheridito , Arnulf Jentzen

The problem of pricing Bermudan options using Monte Carlo and a nonparametric regression is considered. We derive optimal non-asymptotic bounds for a lower biased estimate based on the suboptimal stopping rule constructed using some…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2009-08-03 Denis Belomestny

In this paper we study simulation based optimization algorithms for solving discrete time optimal stopping problems. This type of algorithms became popular among practioneers working in the area of quantitative finance. Using large…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-09-22 Denis Belomestny

In this paper we consider a method of solving optimal stopping problems in discrete and continuous time based on their dual representation. A novel and generic simulation-based optimization algorithm not involving nested simulations is…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Denis Belomestny

We propose a new approach to solve optimal stopping problems via simulation. Working within the backward dynamic programming/Snell envelope framework, we augment the methodology of Longstaff-Schwartz that focuses on approximating the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-09-04 Robert B. Gramacy , Mike Ludkovski

The pricing of Bermudan options amounts to solving a dynamic programming principle, in which the main difficulty, especially in high dimension, comes from the conditional expectation involved in the computation of the continuation value.…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-03 Bernard Lapeyre , Jérôme Lelong

In this note we propose a new approach towards solving numerically optimal stopping problems via reinforced regression based Monte Carlo algorithms. The main idea of the method is to reinforce standard linear regression algorithms in each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Denis Belomestny , John Schoenmakers , Vladimir Spokoiny , Bakhyt Zharkynbay

The aim of this study is to devise numerical methods for dealing with very high-dimensional Bermudan-style derivatives. For such problems, we quickly see that we can at best hope for price bounds, and we can only use a simulation approach.…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-06 L. C. G. Rogers

We propose a deep learning algorithm for high dimensional optimal stopping problems. Our method is inspired by the penalty method for solving free boundary PDEs. Within our approach, the penalized PDE is approximated using the Deep BSDE…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-07 Yunfei Peng , Pengyu Wei , Wei Wei

An efficient compression technique based on hierarchical tensors for popular option pricing methods is presented. It is shown that the "curse of dimensionality" can be alleviated for the computation of Bermudan option prices with the Monte…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-09 Christian Bayer , Martin Eigel , Leon Sallandt , Philipp Trunschke

The purpose of this paper is two-fold, first, to review a recent method introduced by S. Becker, P. Cheridito, and P. Jentzen, for solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep Neural Networks, second, to propose an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Sigurd Assing , Xin Zhi

In this paper we propose an efficient method to compute the price of multi-asset American options, based on Machine Learning, Monte Carlo simulations and variance reduction technique. Specifically, the options we consider are written on a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-04 Ludovic Goudenège , Andrea Molent , Antonino Zanette

We address the challenge of dimension reduction in the discrete-time optimal control problem which is solved repeatedly online within the framework of model predictive control. Our study demonstrates that a reduced-order approach, aimed at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-19 Roland Schurig , Andreas Himmel , Rolf Findeisen

A new method for stochastic control based on neural networks and using randomisation of discrete random variables is proposed and applied to optimal stopping time problems. The method models directly the policy and does not need the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-11 Thomas Deschatre , Joseph Mikael

In this paper we introduce a deep learning method for pricing and hedging American-style options. It first computes a candidate optimal stopping policy. From there it derives a lower bound for the price. Then it calculates an upper bound, a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-23 Sebastian Becker , Patrick Cheridito , Arnulf Jentzen
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