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Membership Inference Attacks have emerged as a dominant method for empirically measuring privacy leakage from machine learning models. Here, privacy is measured by the {\em{advantage}} or gap between a score or a function computed on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ruihan Wu , Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Machine learning models can inadvertently expose confidential properties of their training data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIA). While numerous evaluation methods exist, many require computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Richard J. Preen , Jim Smith

Approximate machine unlearning aims to remove the effect of specific data from trained models to ensure individuals' privacy. Existing methods focus on the removed records and assume the retained ones are unaffected. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yuechun Gu , Jiajie He , Keke Chen

Today, computer systems hold large amounts of personal data. Yet while such an abundance of data allows breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning (ML), its existence can be a threat to user privacy, and it…

Membership inference attacks seek to infer membership of individual training instances of a model to which an adversary has black-box access through a machine learning-as-a-service API. In providing an in-depth characterization of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Stacey Truex , Ling Liu , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Lei Yu , Wenqi Wei

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, including attacks that leak information about the model's training data. There has recently been an increase in interest about how to best address privacy concerns, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Keltin Grimes , Collin Abidi , Cole Frank , Shannon Gallagher

Analyzing time-series data that contains personal information, particularly in the medical field, presents serious privacy concerns. Sensitive health data from patients is often used to train machine learning models for diagnostics and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Noam Koren , Abigail Goldsteen , Guy Amit , Ariel Farkash

We introduce a novel machine unlearning framework founded upon the established principles of the min-max optimization paradigm. We capitalize on the capabilities of strong Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) to facilitate the unlearning of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Rohan Sharma , Shijie Zhou , Kaiyi Ji , Changyou Chen

While Federated Learning (FL) mitigates direct data exposure, the resulting trained models remain susceptible to membership inference attacks (MIAs). This paper presents an empirical evaluation of Differential Privacy (DP) as a defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gustavo de Carvalho Bertoli

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a principled framework for auditing the privacy of synthetic data generated by tabular generative models, where many diverse methods have been proposed that each exploit different privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Joshua Ward , Yuxuan Yang , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

The raise of machine learning and deep learning led to significant improvement in several domains. This change is supported by both the dramatic rise in computation power and the collection of large datasets. Such massive datasets often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Hamid Jalalzai , Elie Kadoche , Rémi Leluc , Vincent Plassier

Learned recommender systems may inadvertently leak information about their training data, leading to privacy violations. We investigate privacy threats faced by recommender systems through the lens of membership inference. In such attacks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zihan Wang , Na Huang , Fei Sun , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Hengliang Luo , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Federated learning (FL) is a popular approach to facilitate privacy-aware machine learning since it allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without granting others access to their private data. It is, however, known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Hongsheng Hu , Xuyun Zhang , Zoran Salcic , Lichao Sun , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Gillian Dobbie

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Avital Shafran , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

The rapid advancement of diffusion-based image generation models has raised serious concerns regarding potential copyright and privacy infringements involving human-created data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tao Qi , Huili Wang , Yuanhong Huang , Wendan Wang , Lianchao Zhao , Jinrui Wang , Zichen Qin , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang

Language Models (LMs) have been shown to leak information about training data through sentence-level membership inference and reconstruction attacks. Understanding the risk of LMs leaking Personally Identifiable Information (PII) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Nils Lukas , Ahmed Salem , Robert Sim , Shruti Tople , Lukas Wutschitz , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin

Increasing use of machine learning (ML) technologies in privacy-sensitive domains such as medical diagnoses, lifestyle predictions, and business decisions highlights the need to better understand if these ML technologies are introducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shagufta Mehnaz , Sayanton V. Dibbo , Ehsanul Kabir , Ninghui Li , Elisa Bertino

Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has become a widespread paradigm, making even the most complex machine learning models available for clients via e.g. a pay-per-query principle. This allows users to avoid time-consuming processes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Daryna Oliynyk , Rudolf Mayer , Andreas Rauber

Machine unlearning is an emerging technique that aims to remove the influence of specific data from trained models, thereby enhancing privacy protection. However, recent research has uncovered critical privacy vulnerabilities, showing that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Wei Lu , Ziqi Zhou , Yufei Song , Jianhong Cheng , Minghui Li , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang

Model-sharing offers significant business value by enabling firms with well-established Machine Learning (ML) models to monetize and share their models with others who lack the resources to develop ML models from scratch. However, concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yunfan Yang , Jiarong Xu , Hongzhe Zhang , Xiao Fang
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