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I propose that the information loss paradox can be resolved by considering the supertranslation of the horizon caused by the ingoing particles. Information can be recovered in principle, but it is lost for all practical purposes.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-04 S. W. Hawking

In this paper, we review some methods that tried to solve the information loss problem. In particular, we revisit the solution based on Hawking radiation as tunneling, and provide a detailed statistical interpretation on the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Baocheng Zhang , Christian Corda , Qing-yu Cai

Recently, new holographic models of black hole evaporation have given fresh insights into the information paradox [arXiv:1905.08255, arXiv:1905.08762, arXiv:1908.10996]. In these models, the black hole evaporates into an auxiliary bath…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-24 Hong Zhe Chen , Zachary Fisher , Juan Hernandez , Robert C. Myers , Shan-Ming Ruan

The effective field theory description of a radiating black hole introduces redundant degrees of freedom that necessitate annihilation of those modes at late stages to conserve entropy. The prevailing view is that such effective process can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-29 Ran Li , Xuanhua Wang , Kun Zhang , Jin Wang

Suppose a black hole forms from a pure quantum state $\ket{\psi}$. The black hole information loss paradox arises from semiclassical arguments suggesting that, even in a closed system, the process of black hole formation and evaporation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-15 Kiran Adhikari

In this invited review, we discuss the evaporation of a black hole, with emphasis on the resulting macroscopically distinct patterns of Hawking radiation. The density matrix of this radiation can approach a pure final state in the form of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-19 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

In 1976 S. Hawking claimed that "Because part of the information about the state of the system is lost down the hole, the final situation is represented by a density matrix rather than a pure quantum state" (Verbatim from ref. 2). This was…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-12-04 Christian Corda

The problem of information loss is considered under the assumption that the process of black hole evaporation terminates in the decay of the black hole interior into a baby universe. We show that such theories can be decomposed into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 Joseph Polchinski , Andrew Strominger

I review the information loss paradox that was first formulated by Hawking, and discuss possible ways of resolving it. All proposed solutions have serious drawbacks. I conclude that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 John Preskill

We study information paradox of four dimensional covariant black holes inspired by loop quantum gravity (LQG) with two well motivated solutions. We first prepare the spacetime in the Hartle-Hawking state, compute the radiation entropy and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Yongbin Du , Jia-Rui Sun , Xiangdong Zhang

By entangling soft massless particles one can create an arbitrarily large amount of entanglement entropy that carries an arbitrarily small amount of energy. Dropping this entropy into the black hole (b.h.) one can increase the b.h. entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-11 Hrvoje Nikolic

Forty years after the discovery of Hawking radiation, its exact nature remains elusive. If Hawking radiation does not carry any information out from the ever shrinking black hole, it seems that unitarity is violated once the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-01 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Dong-han Yeom

Hawking's discovery that black holes can evaporate through radiation emission has posed a number of questions that with time became fundamental hallmarks for a quantum theory of gravity. The most famous one is likely the information…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-17 Filiberto Ares , Sara Murciano , Lorenzo Piroli , Pasquale Calabrese

The approach of 't Hooft to the puzzles of black hole evaporation can be applied to a simpler system with analogous features. The system is $1+1$ dimensional electrodynamics in a linear dilaton background. Analogues of black holes, Hawking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-07 Amanda Peet , Leonard Susskind , Larus Thorlacius

We investigate quantum correlations between successive steps of black hole evaporation and investigate whether they might resolve the black hole information paradox. 'Small' corrections in various models were shown to be unable to restore…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-09 Mishkat Al Alvi , Mahbub Majumdar , Md. Abdul Matin , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Avik Roy

The black hole information paradox has been an important problem in quantum gravity. In the study of evaporating black hole, it has been proposed that the holographic map between the semi-classical effective description in bulk and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Bin Chen , Zhi-jun Yin

The quantum entanglement entropy of an eternal black hole is studied. We argue that the relevant Euclidean path integral is taken over fields defined on $\alpha$-fold covering of the black hole instanton. The statement that divergences of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-24 Sergey N. Solodukhin

We study thermodynamic properties and the entanglement island of a black hole in asymptotically safe quantum gravity, analyzing key thermodynamic quantities such as the Hawking temperature, heat capacity, and entropy, as well as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-29 Sobhan Kazempour , Sichun Sun , Chengye Yu

These are some speculations on how Grothendieck's point of view and the idea of complexity dynamics can come together in the problem of explaining the black hole information paradox. They are neither complete, nor final, but can seem like a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-31 Andrei T. Patrascu

This paper investigates the information loss paradox in the WKB/tunneling picture of Hawking radiation. In the tunneling picture one can obtain the tunneling amplitude to all orders in $\hbar$. However all terms beyond the lowest,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-17 Douglas Singleton , Elias C. Vagenas , Tao Zhu , Ji-Rong Ren